{"id":99468,"date":"2024-08-30T00:01:36","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T22:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=99468"},"modified":"2024-08-30T14:15:36","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T12:15:36","slug":"cubo-de-basura-borja-lopez-cotelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/cubo-de-basura-borja-lopez-cotelo\/","title":{"rendered":"Cubo de basura | Borja L\u00f3pez Cotelo"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Cubo
Basurero de Londres. De un daguerrotipo de Beard<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cuando Londres era un laberinto de callejuelas s\u00f3lo iluminadas por el l\u00edvido fulgor de l\u00e1mparas de gas, cuando Chesterton retrataba sus distritos pobres -cuyo verdadero horror \u2018estribaba precisamente en el hecho de que se ve\u00eda la civilizaci\u00f3n, de que se ve\u00eda el orden…\u2019<\/em>1<\/sup>– la basura ya era acumulada en cubos met\u00e1licos capaces de resistir la insalubre humedad de las m\u00e1rgenes del T\u00e1mesis. La idea hab\u00eda surgido en una visita ala Gran Exposici\u00f3n de 1851.<\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Cubo de basura galvanizado, manufacturado por Garrods of Barking<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Gran Exposici\u00f3n de Londres, 1851 Garrods of Barking<\/a> hab\u00eda sido hasta ese momento una empresa metal\u00fargica del East London; pero cuando sus administradores vieron en esa exposici\u00f3n las primeras m\u00e1quinas que pod\u00edan resultar \u00fatiles para la fabricaci\u00f3n de cubos de basura met\u00e1licos, decidieron invertir en ellas para dar un paso m\u00e1s y acometer una producci\u00f3n industrial.2\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Gran Exposici\u00f3n de Londres, 1851<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hasta el siglo XVIII, los desperdicios dom\u00e9sticos eran almacenados en el interior de las viviendas, y s\u00f3lo los nobles reclamaban contenedores que permitiesen su acumulaci\u00f3n en el exterior. Fueron ellos los primeros clientes de los fabricantes de cubos de basura, que pronto comprendieron que una de las mayores dificultades resid\u00eda en dise\u00f1ar un recipiente capaz de resistir la intemperie. El XIX, con sus avances en la metalurgia y la mec\u00e1nica, les ofrec\u00eda los medios para producir en serie ese tipo de contenedores.<\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Patente de cubo de basura. J.R. Le Sauvage, 1928<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Las patentes se sucedieron en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas del siglo, en pugna por controlar un mercado en alza.\u00a0Garrods of Barking\u00a0opt\u00f3 por un dise\u00f1o que optimizaba las posibilidades del material y agilizaba el proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n; sus cubos ten\u00edan un cuerpo cil\u00edndrico de acero galvanizado -cuyo perfil grecado permit\u00eda una notable rigidez con planchas extremadamente finas-, una tapa acanalada del mismo material y unas asas en forma de gota que facilitaban su manejo incluso cuando estaba lleno.<\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Cubo de basura galvanizado, fabricado por CASA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

El proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n segu\u00eda el orden impuesto por dos familias de m\u00e1quinas, las de corrugado y las de ribeteado; de este modo, se reduc\u00edan los tiempos de fabricaci\u00f3n y se lograba una uniformidad casi total en los productos manufacturados. Por otro lado, la adici\u00f3n de una capa de zinc sobre el acero \u2013el galvanizado- hac\u00eda que los contenedores de Garrods se mostrasen resistentes a la corrosi\u00f3n y el \u00f3xido. La eficiencia de estos procesos fue tal que, en esencia, han permanecido inalterados hasta nuestros d\u00edas: la mitad de la producci\u00f3n de Garrods of Barking se sigue llevando a cabo con esa maquinaria victoriana y la empresa se ha resistido deslocalizar su producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Cubo con tapa acanalada y asas de gota, por Steve Gorton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Existen muchas variantes de esos cubos originales que ocupaban las calles de Londres cuando Chesterton, acompa\u00f1ado tal vez por Basil Grant o por ese\u00a0Hombre que fue Jueves, las recorr\u00eda circunspecto. Tanto en Inglaterra como en Estados Unidos, muchos han imitado en los \u00faltimos ciento cincuenta a\u00f1os su figura acanalada y an\u00f3nima.<\/p>\n

\"Cubo
Michael Jackson con el personaje de ‘Barrio S\u00e9samo’ Oscar el Gru\u00f1\u00f3n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pero nadie sabe qui\u00e9n fue el primer dise\u00f1ador de esos universales cubos de basura; s\u00f3lo sabemos que a su celebridad reciente han contribuido muchos programas infantiles, gracias a la irrupci\u00f3n de los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n global en nuestro d\u00eda a d\u00eda. Porque ni los relatos de Chesterton ni las estrategias comerciales de Garrods se propagaron con la rapidez epid\u00e9mica de Barrio S\u00e9samo.<\/p>\n

Borja L\u00f3pez Cotelo. Doctor arquitecto
\nA Coru\u00f1a. Marzo 2012<\/p>\n

Notas:
\n1<\/span><\/sup>. Chesterton, G. K<\/a>. (1995)2007. El Club de los Negocios Raros<\/em><\/a>. Madrid, Valdemar, pp.51-52.
\n2<\/span><\/sup>.Los datos han sido extra\u00eddos de VV.AA. (2006). Phaidon Design Classics. Volume one. Pioneers.<\/a> Londres, Phaidon Press Limited.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuando Londres era un laberinto de callejuelas s\u00f3lo iluminadas por el l\u00edvido fulgor de l\u00e1mparas de gas, cuando Chesterton retrataba sus distritos pobres -cuyo verdadero horror \u2018estribaba precisamente en el hecho de que se ve\u00eda la civilizaci\u00f3n, de que se ve\u00eda el orden…\u20191– la basura ya era acumulada en cubos met\u00e1licos capaces de resistir la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":99474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1397,5951],"tags":[3852,12470,9640,668,1564],"class_list":{"0":"post-99468","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-capturas","8":"category-diseno","9":"category-slider-principal","10":"tag-borja-lopez-cotelo","11":"tag-diseno","12":"tag-gilbert-keith-chesterton","13":"tag-historia","14":"tag-objeto"},"yoast_head":"\nCubo de basura | Borja L\u00f3pez Cotelo - 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