{"id":84513,"date":"2021-06-04T00:01:25","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T22:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=84513"},"modified":"2021-05-12T14:53:41","modified_gmt":"2021-05-12T12:53:41","slug":"ascensores-borja-lopez-cotelo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/ascensores-borja-lopez-cotelo\/","title":{"rendered":"Ascensores | Borja L\u00f3pez Cotelo"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_84516\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84516\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-84516\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon_1553248620.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon_1553248620.jpg 455w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon_1553248620-300x288.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84516\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">En mayo de 1854, Otis lo present\u00f3 en la exposici\u00f3n industrial que se celebr\u00f3 en New York<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u2018All safe, gentelmen\u00a0\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Con estas palabras, Elisha Grave Otis tranquilizaba a la multitud que se hab\u00eda congregado en el Crystal Palace para comprobar la eficacia de su invento. Otis se subi\u00f3 a un aparato elevador y, una vez arriba, cort\u00f3 el cordaje de la polea. En lugar de precipitarse al vac\u00edo, el artefacto se detuvo unos cent\u00edmetros m\u00e1s abajo. Era 1854, y el inventor americano escogi\u00f3 para su ensayo un escenario que lo inmortalizar\u00eda tanto si fracasaba como si su invento resultaba eficaz: la primera exposici\u00f3n Universal de Nueva York.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_84517\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84517\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-84517\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon-el_origen_de_los_ascensores.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon-el_origen_de_los_ascensores.jpg 560w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-elbalcon-el_origen_de_los_ascensores-300x218.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84517\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quo.es\/ser-humano\/a23379\/el-origen-de-los-ascensores\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Elisha Otis elevador del dibujo de patentes; alcance y contenido: Eliseo ascensor de Otis fue la primera con un gancho de seguridad para protegerse contra la rotura del cable. El Otis empresa se convertir\u00eda en el principal fabricante de ascensores el\u00e9ctricos.<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El desarrollo de un sistema de seguridad para los elevadores de la \u00e9poca revolucion\u00f3 el uso de estas m\u00e1quinas. Los instrumentos de elevaci\u00f3n mediante poleas y contrapesos eran conocidos desde la antig\u00fcedad, pero nunca hab\u00edan sido un medio de transporte para seres humanos. En el siglo XIX, con la consolidaci\u00f3n de la Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial en Europa y sus antiguas colonias, los edificios construidos eran cada vez m\u00e1s altos, y se requer\u00eda un modo veloz y seguro para transportar personas a grandes alturas. Este era el marco en el que Elisha Otis desarrollaba su trabajo como maestro mec\u00e1nico en una f\u00e1brica de armazones para camas en Albany, Nueva York. All\u00ed dise\u00f1\u00f3 aparatos que optimizaban el tiempo de trabajo y desarroll\u00f3 adaptaciones para\u00a0 los elevadores existentes. En la d\u00e9cada de 1850, decidi\u00f3 fundar una compa\u00f1\u00eda propia de ascensores seguros en la ciudad de Nueva York, tomando como base un dise\u00f1o que \u00e9l mismo hab\u00eda hecho en 1852.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Esencialmente, consist\u00eda en un sistema de cu\u00f1as que, junto con unas peque\u00f1as piezas colocadas en el chasis del elevador, frenaban la ca\u00edda de \u00e9ste en caso de fallo de los cordajes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_84519\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84519\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-84519\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-CoEdificio-EV-Haughwout-1857-designado-como-un-hito-el-23-de-noviembre-de-1965.-Sociedad-Historica-de-Nueva-York.-Foto-de-Jennifer-Williams.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"667\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84519\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Edificio EV Haughwout, 1857, designado como un hito el 23 de noviembre de 1965. Sociedad Hist\u00f3rica de Nueva York. Foto de Jennifer Williams | Fuente: <a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.antiquesandthearts.com\/photography-exhibits-document-new-york-city-landmarks-neighborhoods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">antiquesandthearts.com<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hasta 1857, los elevadores seguros de Otis no fueron aceptados por el p\u00fablico. La idea de un aparato que permitiese subir a grandes velocidades las alturas que los edificios de la \u00e9poca empezaban a alcanzar, parec\u00eda una temeridad. Pero en ese a\u00f1o, los Grandes Almacenes \u00a0Haughwout, construidos en la esquina de Broadway con Broome Street en Nueva York, incorporaron el invento de Otis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c9ste fue el gran punto de inflexi\u00f3n para Otis y para el skyline de Nueva York. Aunque el edificio era un refinado palacio, el futurista artefacto patentado por Otis se convirti\u00f3 en su gran atracci\u00f3n. Y a partir de ese momento, todos los edificios quisieron ser m\u00e1s altos, m\u00e1s modernos y m\u00e1s populares. Primero en Nueva York, luego en otras ciudades americanas y, paulatinamente, en el resto del mundo. En 1887, el alem\u00e1n Werner von Siemens comenz\u00f3 a\u00a0 incluir un motor el\u00e9ctrico en los elevadores, en lugar de los tradicionales motores de vapor. As\u00ed comenz\u00f3 la era del ascensor moderno, y la altura de los edificios se transform\u00f3 en sin\u00f3nimo de la pujanza econ\u00f3mica de quien los financiaba.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_84520\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84520\" style=\"width: 1440px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84520\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Ascensor-de-1890.-Por-Rights-Managed-Archivist-stock.adobe_.com_.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Ascensor-de-1890.-Por-Rights-Managed-Archivist-stock.adobe_.com_.jpeg 1440w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Ascensor-de-1890.-Por-Rights-Managed-Archivist-stock.adobe_.com_-300x234.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Ascensor-de-1890.-Por-Rights-Managed-Archivist-stock.adobe_.com_-1024x798.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tn.com.ar\/sociedad\/2020\/11\/06\/elisha-otis-asi-invento-el-ascensor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Ascensor de 1890 | Por Rights Managed Archivist &#8211; stock.adobe.com | Fuente: tn.com.ar<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nadie imagina hoy un mundo sin ascensores. Los sistemas de seguridad han evolucionado hacia dispositivos basados en complejos sistema de palancas y cu\u00f1as para amortiguar la ca\u00edda del elevador y otros mecanismos que cortan la alimentaci\u00f3n del sistema cuando se sobrepasa la velocidad m\u00e1xima, as\u00ed como a instrumentos que posibilitan la parada en caso de emergencia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los sistemas de tracci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n se han modernizado, y los originales motores de vapor han sido sustituidos por otros el\u00e9ctricos o hidr\u00e1ulicos. Los primeros, que constan de un contrapeso y un amortiguador en el foso, son los m\u00e1s comunes en cualquier edificio que supere las seis plantas. En los ascensores hidr\u00e1ulicos, por su parte, un motor el\u00e9ctrico se conecta a una bomba que impulsa aceite a presi\u00f3n por unos cilindros para lograr el ascenso de la cabina. Para el descenso, estos cilindros se vac\u00edan. Son m\u00e1s lentos, m\u00e1s seguros y su consumo energ\u00e9tico es mayor que el de los el\u00e9ctricos, aunque son m\u00e1s adaptables a edificios con limitaciones de espacio.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_84521\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84521\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-84521\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-El-bar-Cinzano-y-el-ascensor-Esmeralda-de-Valparaiso-1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-El-bar-Cinzano-y-el-ascensor-Esmeralda-de-Valparaiso-1920.jpg 455w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-El-bar-Cinzano-y-el-ascensor-Esmeralda-de-Valparaiso-1920-300x267.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84521\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">El bar Cinzano y el ascensor Esmeralda de Valparaiso 1920 | Fuente: <a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.es\/pin\/334884922289100867\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinterest.es\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En los \u00faltimos cien a\u00f1os el mundo se ha transformado. La explosi\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica, la concentraci\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n en las ciudades y, en alg\u00fan caso, la voluntad monumental, han construido ciudades m\u00e1s altas. El alt\u00edsimo valor del suelo en algunas \u00e1reas ha derivado en hiperdensidad. Las ciudades americanas, especialmente Nueva York y Chicago, anticiparon el fen\u00f3meno a mediados del siglo XIX. Hoy, las econom\u00edas emergentes reproducen ese modelo de ciudad: Dubai, Sanghai, Hong-Kong. Los rascacielos, e incluso los desarrollos de vivienda colectiva en alturas m\u00e1s modestas, nunca habr\u00edan sido posibles sin elevadores seguros. Otis no invent\u00f3 el ascensor pero, sin pretenderlo, dibuj\u00f3 el perfil de la ciudad contempor\u00e1nea.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_84523\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-84523\" style=\"width: 735px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84523\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Horizonte-de-Nueva-York-desde-Jersey-principios-de-1900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"735\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Horizonte-de-Nueva-York-desde-Jersey-principios-de-1900.jpg 735w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Horizonte-de-Nueva-York-desde-Jersey-principios-de-1900-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Ascensores-Borja-Lopez-Cotelo-Horizonte-de-Nueva-York-desde-Jersey-principios-de-1900-160x105.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-84523\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Horizonte de Nueva York desde Jersey &#8211; principios de 1900 | <a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"http:\/\/vintagepostcardblog.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/new-york-skyline-from-jersey-early.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fuente: vintagepostcardblog.blogspot.com<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Borja L\u00f3pez Cotelo. Doctor arquitecto<br \/>\nA Coru\u00f1a. Junio 2010<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2018All safe, gentelmen\u00a0\u2019. Con estas palabras, Elisha Grave Otis tranquilizaba a la multitud que se hab\u00eda congregado en el Crystal Palace para comprobar la eficacia de su invento. Otis se subi\u00f3 a un aparato elevador y, una vez arriba, cort\u00f3 el cordaje de la polea. En lugar de precipitarse al vac\u00edo, el artefacto se detuvo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":84520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1397,5951],"tags":[143,147,10903,12470,4503,9130,431,2703,460,15375,1595,8738,668,785,815,1833,865,930,1564,1138,5945,1294,1302,5153,2511],"class_list":{"0":"post-84513","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-capturas","8":"category-diseno","9":"category-slider-principal","10":"tag-arquitectura-contemporanea","11":"tag-arquitectura-moderna","12":"tag-charles-luckman","13":"tag-diseno","14":"tag-diseno-de-mobiliario","15":"tag-diseno-domestico","16":"tag-diseno-industrial","17":"tag-diseno-urbano","18":"tag-eeuu","19":"tag-elisha-grave-otis","20":"tag-francisco-javier-saenz-de-oiza","21":"tag-gordon-bunshaft","22":"tag-historia","23":"tag-le-corbusier","24":"tag-maestro","25":"tag-maquina","26":"tag-mies-van-der-rohe","27":"tag-new-york","28":"tag-objeto","29":"tag-rascacielos","30":"tag-sergio-de-miguel","31":"tag-torre","32":"tag-transporte","33":"tag-viajar","34":"tag-viaje"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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