{"id":60765,"date":"2016-08-01T00:50:54","date_gmt":"2016-07-31T22:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=60765"},"modified":"2021-02-15T09:09:06","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T08:09:06","slug":"learning-by-doing-aprendiendo-del-error-fermin-g-blanco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/learning-by-doing-aprendiendo-del-error-fermin-g-blanco\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Learning by doing. Aprendiendo del error | Ferm\u00edn G. Blanco[:gl]Learning by doing. Aprendendo do erro | Ferm\u00edn G. Blanco[:en]Learning by doing. Learning of the mistake | Ferm\u00edn G. Blanco[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Learning by doing<\/em> es el mantra que gu\u00eda una manera de entender la educaci\u00f3n y tambi\u00e9n el ejercicio de cualquier profesi\u00f3n. En momentos de redefinici\u00f3n de tantos aspectos de nuestra sociedad, la frase puede interpretarse de manera tan flexible como estemos dispuestos a interpretar ambos verbos, \u00bfQu\u00e9 aprendemos? y \u00bfQu\u00e9 es hacer en nuestros d\u00edas?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lo que el alumno aprende ya ha dejado de identificarse con lo que el maestro ense\u00f1a, el alumno pasivo-receptor ya no est\u00e1 o no deber\u00eda estar en la metodolog\u00eda docente. El <strong>proceso<\/strong> gana enteros en un mundo que <strong>no se debe analizar en est\u00e1tico, unipersonal ni unidireccionalmente<\/strong>, donde la obra ha de abandonar su objetivo de resultado final, conclusivo. Los procesos han sido abiertos desde siempre y los ensayos, las pruebas m\u00e1s o menos atrevidas han participado del proyecto desde sus or\u00edgenes. Por otro lado el proceso de aprendizaje es un proceso continuo y vital que afecta a toda la vida profesional. Bajo estas premisas acepto la invitaci\u00f3n de Veredes para inaugurar una serie de textos\/caso donde el acto de aprender ha hecho evolucionar a trav\u00e9s del error el conocimiento en campos concretos o ha terminado por generar \u00abobras maestras\u00bb, referentes en que apoyarnos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gallopin Gertie. El colapso en directo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60767\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60767\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg\" alt=\"Puente de Tacoma sobre el r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos, inaugurado el 1 de julio 1940\" width=\"630\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Puente de Tacoma sobre el r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos, inaugurado el 1 de julio 1940<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si existe un ranking de popularidad en los fracasos en el mundo de la t\u00e9cnica, habr\u00eda que dejar un puesto de honor al <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puente_de_Tacoma_Narrows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">puente de Tacoma<\/a> sobre el r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos. La gravedad del tema sumada a la documentaci\u00f3n visual que nos ha llegado, han convertido el caso en motivo viral que invade desde entonces las universidades con el fallo estructural. Viajamos a 1940, la sociedad norteamericana en plena salida de la Gran Depresi\u00f3n anhelaba los retos y sobre todo el optimismo de la superaci\u00f3n humana. El d\u00eda de su inauguraci\u00f3n el puente-carrusel apodado como Gallopin Gertie ocupaba el p\u00f3dium de longitud de puentes suspendidos en un digno tercer puesto, con una longitud de 1600 m y una luz de 850 metros entre soportes. En su dise\u00f1o se aplicaron los conocimientos del momento,\u00a0 tambi\u00e9n los recortes presupuestarios de siempre, o tal vez un poco m\u00e1s de lo habitual. El dise\u00f1o original es del ingeniero<strong> Clark Eldridge<\/strong> encargado tambi\u00e9n de encontrar financiaci\u00f3n para la ejecuci\u00f3n, y ante la imposibilidad de alcanzar la cantidad estimada (siquiera evaluando la rentabilidad de los futuros peajes), se solicita una revisi\u00f3n del proyecto contando con la asistencia t\u00e9cnica de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Moisseiff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leon Moisseiff<\/a> <\/strong>qui\u00e9n plante\u00f3 una soluci\u00f3n capaz de reducir el presupuesto de los 11 millones de d\u00f3lares estimados inicialmente a menos de 6, todo ello contando con la oposici\u00f3n de los t\u00e9cnicos del departamento de carreteras del estado de Washington. Pese a todo la soluci\u00f3n fue aceptada por las autoridades. Tras el fatal desenlace<sup>1<\/sup> Eldridge acept\u00f3 su parte de culpabilidad y su vida termin\u00f3 por torcerse al caer prisionero del ej\u00e9rcito japon\u00e9s durante la II Guerra Mundial. Por su parte Moisseiff perder\u00eda gran parte de su reputaci\u00f3n en el an\u00e1lisis y dise\u00f1o de estas estructuras. Nada se sabe, sin embargo, del futuro de la autoridad pol\u00edtica que respald\u00f3 esta decisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Se han escrito todo tipo de <a href=\"https:\/\/wsdot.wa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">art\u00edculos<\/a>, se han abierto grupos de recuperaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes de la construcci\u00f3n, inauguraci\u00f3n y colapso, se han analizado los diferentes v\u00eddeos incluyendo el factor de correcci\u00f3n de tiempos debidos a los formatos de grabaci\u00f3n para tratar de analizar las frecuencias en la \u00a0deformaci\u00f3n,\u00a0 existen varias <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tacomanarrowsbridge.org\/photos1940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fan sites<\/a><\/em>, incluso grupos en recuerdo de la \u00fanica v\u00edctima \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuddy<\/a>\u201d<sup>2 <\/sup>un cocker espa\u00f1ol de tres patas\u2026 Es f\u00e1cil rastrear la historia, las referencias a pie de art\u00edculo incluyen interesantes enlaces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Me gustar\u00eda sin embargo poner el foco en uno de los personajes intervinientes, ese hombre que se pasea por la estructura en movimiento tomando datos, y al que debemos parte de las im\u00e1genes. Tal vez un secundario, un ingeniero de 45 a\u00f1os que trabaja para la universidad de Washington y que recibir\u00e1 el encargo, una vez inaugurado el puente, de poner soluci\u00f3n al excesivo movimiento del mismo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Se trata del profesor F.B. \u201cBert\u201d Farquharson qui\u00e9n ya gozaba de prestigio profesional y dirige un equipo que realizar\u00e1 modelos de la estructura a escala 1:200 y 1:20 introduciendo los mismos en t\u00faneles de viento. Monitorizados los movimientos de la estructura observan deformaciones en el modelo que no se apreciaban en la estructura real. El estudio genera una serie de recomendaciones encaminadas a mejorar el comportamiento aerodin\u00e1mico del tablero, algunos de los remedios como la instalaci\u00f3n de tirantes al suelo pudieron incorporarse pero otras quedaron pendientes de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El diagn\u00f3stico y cura del puente <em>galopante<sup>3<\/sup><\/em> le mantuvo ocupado durante los pocos meses de vida de la estructura y ante las grandes deformaciones producidas el 7 de Noviembre no duda en acercarse al lugar para fotografiar y tomar datos de lo que est\u00e1 aconteciendo. El profesor quiso estar presente hasta el final como un m\u00e9dico que trata a su paciente enfermo de nacimiento, conoc\u00eda de la debilidad del paciente que adolec\u00eda de un exceso de flexibilidad pero manten\u00eda la fe en que la estructura recuperase su figura y saliese victoriosa de la pelea. Sufri\u00f3 en directo vi\u00e9ndola luchar contra sus temblores hasta su fatal desenlace.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60768\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60768\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60768\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg\" alt=\"Tacoma Narrows Bridge\" width=\"630\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg 865w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia-300x77.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El v\u00eddeo aporta una visi\u00f3n \u00e9pica al momento, el coche parado a medio camino, los personajes intentando salvar al perro atrapado y al tiempo tratando de realizar una toma de datos para apoyar el diagn\u00f3stico cient\u00edfico de lo acontecido. Los datos cruzados, la fe en la hip\u00f3tesis, el error, la innovaci\u00f3n, el paso en falso, la reputaci\u00f3n&#8230;No fue el \u00fanico puente en colapsar durante aquellos a\u00f1os pero sin duda es uno de los casos m\u00e1s famosos generando cientos de estudios, diagn\u00f3sticos y comentarios al respecto no exentos de pol\u00e9mica, en la actualidad la comunidad cient\u00edfica a\u00fan discute la causa final del <a href=\"http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/magazine\/physicstoday\/article\/68\/11\/10.1063\/PT.3.2991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">colapso<\/a> debatiendo entre la fina l\u00ednea que separa la resonancia y la autoexcitaci\u00f3n aerodin\u00e1mica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los diagramas que la prensa reproduc\u00eda con las recomendaciones de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/kb78w3\/the-myth-of-galloping-gertie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Farquharson<\/a> apuntan soluciones en el comportamiento aerodin\u00e1mico de la estructura, temas actualmente ya claramente asimilados en el dise\u00f1o de estas estructuras sin embargo las im\u00e1genes del hombre en el video y sus posteriores declaraciones ofrecen muchos datos a mayores, hablan de la integridad de una persona, de la pasi\u00f3n de un profesional por resolver el encargo y no dejan de conmover tanto como la propia deformaci\u00f3n de la estructura. \u00c9l mismo ser\u00e1 el encargado de realizar las pruebas del nuevo modelo de puente, un nuevo intento sobre la misma marca, en 1950 ser\u00e1 inaugurado otro puente sobre el r\u00edo Narrows que a\u00fan hoy se mantiene en servicio y d\u00f3nde los conocimientos aportados por la primera experiencia sumados a las restricciones de acero derivadas de la Guerra ser\u00e1n fundamentales en el dise\u00f1o definitivo pero esa es ya otra historia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/xfcaer\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/xfcaer_tacoma-narrows-bridge-1940_shortfilms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940) <\/a>Montaje de video con diferentes grabaciones realizadas en pel\u00edculas de 15 mm por los fot\u00f3grafos locales Barney Elliott y T. Harbine Monroe y los t\u00e9cnicos presentes.<\/span><i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Fermin G. Blanco. doctor arquitecto<br \/>\nLa Coru\u00f1a. Agosto 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Notas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup>. El peaje de paso era de\u00a0 $.75 para coches y 10 c\u00e9ntimos para peatones, una aut\u00e9ntica experiencia, puente y monta\u00f1a rusa al tiempo&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2<\/sup>. Existen numerosas grupos de apoyo al perro fallecido en el colapso. Tuddy era un Cocker Espa\u00f1ol de tres patas seg\u00fan los <a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">datos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3<\/sup>. El sobrenombre de Gallopin Gertier procede de una popular canci\u00f3n de sal\u00f3n que puede escucharse en el siguiente enlace.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hSfRGcx_xGY[:gl]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Learning by doing<\/em> \u00e9 o mantra que gu\u00eda unha maneira de entender a educaci\u00f3n e tam\u00e9n o exercicio de calquera profesi\u00f3n. En momentos de redefinici\u00f3n de tantos aspectos da nosa sociedade, a frase pode interpretarse de maneira tan flexible como esteamos dispostos a interpretar ambos os verbos, Que aprendemos? e Que \u00e9 facer nos nosos d\u00edas?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O que o alumno aprende xa deixou de identificarse co que o mestre ensina, o alumno pasivo-receptor xa non est\u00e1 ou non deber\u00eda estar na metodolox\u00eda docente. O <strong>proceso<\/strong> ga\u00f1a enteiros nun mundo que <strong>non se debe analizar en est\u00e1tico, unipersonal nin unidireccionalmente<\/strong>, onde a obra ha de abandonar o seu obxectivo de resultado final, conclusivo. Os procesos foron abertos desde sempre e os ensaios, as probas m\u00e1is ou menos atrevidas participaron do proxecto desde as s\u00faas orixes. Doutra banda o proceso de aprendizaxe \u00e9 un proceso continuo e vital que afecta a toda a vida profesional. Baixo estas premisas acepto a invitaci\u00f3n de Veredes para inaugurar unha serie de textos\/caso onde o acto de aprender fixo evolucionar a trav\u00e9s do erro o co\u00f1ecemento en campos concretos ou terminou por xerar \u00abobras mestras\u00bb, referentes en que apoiarnos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gallopin Gertie. O colapso en directo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60767\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60767\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg\" alt=\"Puente de Tacoma sobre el r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos, inaugurado el 1 de julio 1940\" width=\"630\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Ponte de Tacoma sobre o r\u00edo Narrows nos Estados Unidos, inaugurado o 1 de xullo 1940<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Se existe un r\u00e1nking de popularidade nos fracasos no mundo da t\u00e9cnica, haber\u00eda que deixar un posto de honra \u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puente_de_Tacoma_Narrows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ponte de Tacoma<\/a> sobre o r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos. A gravidade do tema sumada \u00e1 documentaci\u00f3n visual que nos chegou, converteron o caso en motivo viral que invade desde ent\u00f3n as universidades co fallo estrutural. Viaxamos a 1940, a sociedade norteamericana en plena sa\u00edda da Gran Depresi\u00f3n anhelaba os retos e sobre todo o optimismo da superaci\u00f3n humana. O d\u00eda da s\u00faa inauguraci\u00f3n o ponte-carrusel alcumado como Gallopin Gertie ocupaba o p\u00f3dium de lonxitude de pontes suspendidas nun digno terceiro posto, cunha lonxitude de 1600 m e unha luz de 850 metros entre soportes. No seu dese\u00f1o aplic\u00e1ronse os co\u00f1ecementos do momento, tam\u00e9n os recortes orzamentarios de sempre, ou talvez un pouco m\u00e1is do habitual. O dese\u00f1o orixinal \u00e9 do enxe\u00f1eiro <strong>Clark Eldridge<\/strong> encargado tam\u00e9n de atopar financiamento para a execuci\u00f3n, e ante a imposibilidade de alcanzar a cantidade estimada (sequera avaliando a rendibilidade das futuras peaxes), solic\u00edtase unha revisi\u00f3n do proxecto contando coa asistencia t\u00e9cnica de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Moisseiff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leon Moisseiff<\/a><\/strong> quen expuxo unha soluci\u00f3n capaz de reducir o orzamento dos 11 mill\u00f3ns de d\u00f3lares estimados inicialmente a menos de 6, todo iso contando coa oposici\u00f3n dos t\u00e9cnicos do departamento de estradas do estado de Washington. A pesar de todo a soluci\u00f3n foi aceptada polas autoridades. Tras o fatal desenlace<sup>1<\/sup> Eldridge aceptou o seu parte de culpabilidade e a s\u00faa vida terminou por torcerse ao caer prisioneiro do ex\u00e9rcito xapon\u00e9s durante a II Guerra Mundial. Pola s\u00faa banda Moisseiff perder\u00eda gran parte da s\u00faa reputaci\u00f3n na an\u00e1lise e dese\u00f1o destas estruturas. Nada se sabe, con todo, do futuro da autoridade pol\u00edtica que apoiou esta decisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Escrib\u00edronse todo tipo de <a href=\"https:\/\/wsdot.wa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">art\u00edculos<\/a>, abr\u00edronse grupos de recuperaci\u00f3n de imaxes da construci\u00f3n, inauguraci\u00f3n e colapso, analiz\u00e1ronse os diferentes v\u00eddeos inclu\u00edndo o factor de correcci\u00f3n de tempos debidos aos formatos de gravaci\u00f3n para tratar de analizar as frecuencias na deformaci\u00f3n, existen varias <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tacomanarrowsbridge.org\/photos1940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fan sites<\/a><\/em>, mesmo grupos en recordo da \u00fanica v\u00edtima <a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuddy<\/a>\u201d<sup>2 <\/sup> un cocker espa\u00f1ol de tres patas? \u00c9 f\u00e1cil rastrexar a historia, as referencias a p\u00e9 de artigo incl\u00faen interesantes ligaz\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gustar\u00edame con todo po\u00f1er o foco nun dos personaxes intervenientes, ese home que se pasea pola estrutura en movemento tomando datos, e ao que debemos parte das imaxes. Talvez un secundario, un enxe\u00f1eiro de 45 anos que traballa para a universidade de Washington e que recibir\u00e1 o encargo, unha vez inaugurado a ponte, de po\u00f1er soluci\u00f3n ao excesivo movemento do mesmo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u00e1tase do profesor F.B. \u201cBert\u201d Farquharson quen xa gozaba de prestixio profesional e dirixe un equipo que realizar\u00e1 modelos da estrutura a escala 1:200 e 1:20 introducindo os mesmos en t\u00faneles de vento. Monitorados os movementos da estrutura observan deformaci\u00f3ns no modelo que non se apreciaban na estrutura real. O estudo xera unha serie de recomendaci\u00f3ns encami\u00f1adas a mellorar o comportamento aerodin\u00e1mico do taboleiro, alg\u00fans dos remedios como a instalaci\u00f3n de tirantes ao chan puideron incorporarse pero outras quedaron pendentes de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O diagn\u00f3stico e cura da ponte <em>galopante<sup>3<\/sup><\/em> mant\u00edvolle ocupado durante os poucos meses de vida da estrutura e ante as grandes deformaci\u00f3ns producidas o 7 de Novembro non dubida en achegarse ao lugar para fotografar e tomar datos do que est\u00e1 a acontecer. O profesor quixo estar presente ata o final como un m\u00e9dico que trata ao seu paciente enfermo de nacemento, co\u00f1ec\u00eda da debilidade do paciente que adoec\u00eda dun exceso de flexibilidade pero manti\u00f1a a fe en que a estrutura recuperase a s\u00faa figura e sa\u00edse vitoriosa da pelexa. Sufriu en directo v\u00e9ndoa loitar contra os seus tremores ata o seu fatal desenlace.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60768\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60768\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60768\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg\" alt=\"Tacoma Narrows Bridge\" width=\"630\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg 865w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia-300x77.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O v\u00eddeo achega unha visi\u00f3n \u00e9pica ao momento, o coche parado a medio cami\u00f1o, os personaxes tentando salvar ao can atrapado e ao tempo tratando de realizar unha toma de datos para apoiar o diagn\u00f3stico cient\u00edfico do acontecido. Os datos cruzados, a fe na hip\u00f3tese, o erro, a innovaci\u00f3n, o paso en falso, a reputaci\u00f3n&#8230;Non foi a \u00fanica ponte en colapsar durante aqueles anos pero sen d\u00fabida \u00e9 un dos casos m\u00e1is famosos xerando centos de estudos, diagn\u00f3sticos e comentarios respecto diso non exentos de pol\u00e9mica, na actualidade a comunidade cient\u00edfica a\u00ednda discute a causa final do <a href=\"http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/magazine\/physicstoday\/article\/68\/11\/10.1063\/PT.3.2991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">colapso<\/a> debatendo entre a fina li\u00f1a que separa a resonancia e a autoexcitaci\u00f3n aerodin\u00e1mica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os diagramas que a prensa reproduc\u00eda coas recomendaci\u00f3ns de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/kb78w3\/the-myth-of-galloping-gertie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Farquharson<\/a> apuntan soluci\u00f3ns no comportamento aerodin\u00e1mico da estrutura, temas actualmente xa claramente asimilados no dese\u00f1o destas estruturas con todo as imaxes do home no v\u00eddeo e as s\u00faas posteriores declaraci\u00f3ns ofrecen moitos datos a maiores, falan da integridade dunha persoa, da paix\u00f3n dun profesional por resolver o encargo e non deixan de conmover tanto como a propia deformaci\u00f3n da estrutura. El mesmo ser\u00e1 o encargado de realizar as probas do novo modelo de ponte, un novo intento sobre a mesma marca, en 1950 ser\u00e1 inaugurado outra ponte sobre o r\u00edo Narrows que a\u00ednda hoxe mantense en servizo e onde os co\u00f1ecementos achegados pola primeira experiencia sumados \u00e1s restrici\u00f3ns de aceiro derivadas da Guerra ser\u00e1n fundamentais no dese\u00f1o definitivo pero esa \u00e9 xa outra historia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/xfcaer\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/xfcaer_tacoma-narrows-bridge-1940_shortfilms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940) <\/a>Montaxe de video con diferentes grabaciones realizadas en pel\u00edculas de 15 mm polos fot\u00f3grafos locais Barney Elliott e T. Harbine Monroe e os t\u00e9cnicos presentes.<\/span><i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Fermin G. Blanco. doutor arquitecto<br \/>\nLa Coru\u00f1a. Agosto 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Notas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup>. A peaxe de paso era de $.75 para coches e 10 c\u00e9ntimos para pe\u00f3ns, unha aut\u00e9ntica experiencia, ponte e monta\u00f1a rusa ao tempo&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2<\/sup>. Existen numerosas grupos de apoio ao can falecido no colapso. Tuddy era un Cocker Espa\u00f1ol de tres patas segundo os <a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">datos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3<\/sup>. O sobrenome de Gallopin Gertier procede dunha popular canci\u00f3n de sal\u00f3n que pode escoitarse na seguinte ligaz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hSfRGcx_xGY[:en]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Learning by doing<\/em> is the mantra who guides a way of understanding the education and also the exercise of any profession. In moments of redefinition of so many aspects of our company, the phrase can be interpreted in a way as flexible as let&#8217;s be ready to interpret both verbs, what do we learn? And what is to do nowadays?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">What the pupil learns already has stopped being identified with what the teacher teaches, the pupil liabilities &#8211; recipient already is not or it should not be in the educational methodology. The <strong>process<\/strong> gains points in a world that <strong>it is not necessary to to analyze in statically, individual not unidirectionally<\/strong>, where the work has to leave his aim of final, conclusive result. The processes have been opened from always and the tests, the more or less bold tests have taken part of the project from his origins. On the other hand the learning process is a constant and vital process that concerns the whole professional life. Under these premises I accept Veredes&#8217;s invitation to inaugurate a series of texts\/cases where the act of learning has made evolve across the mistake the knowledge in concrete fields or has ended for generating \u00abmasterpieces\u00bb, modals on which to rest.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gallopin Gertie. The live collapse.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60767\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60767\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg\" alt=\"Puente de Tacoma sobre el r\u00edo Narrows en Estados Unidos, inaugurado el 1 de julio 1940\" width=\"630\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge.jpg 768w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tacoma bridge on the river Narrows in The United States, inaugurated on July 1, 1940<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puente_de_Tacoma_Narrows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tacoma Bridge <\/a>on the river Narrows in The United States, inaugurated on July 1, 1940 If a ranking popularity exists in the failures in the world of the technology, would be necessary to leave a position of honor to Tacoma&#8217;s bridge on the river Narrows in The United States. The gravity of the topic added to the visual documentation that has come to us, they have turned the case into viral motive that invades since then the universities with the structural failure. We travel 1940, the North American company in full exit of the Great Depression was longing the challenges and especially the optimism of the overcoming humanizes. The day of his inauguration the bridge &#8211; carrousel nicknamed as Gallopin Gertie was occupying the p\u00f3dium of length of bridges suspended in the third worthy position, with a length of 1600 m and a light of 850 meters between supports. In his design the knowledge of the moment was applied, also the budgetary cuts of always, or maybe a bit more of the habitual thing. The original design belongs to the engineer <strong>Clark Eldridge<\/strong> entrusted also to find financing for the execution, and before the inability to reach the quantity estimated (at least evaluating the profitability of the future tolls), a review of the project is requested possessing <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Moisseiff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leon Moisseiff<\/a><\/strong>&#8216;s technical assistance who raised a solution capable of reducing the budget of 11 million dollars estimated initially to less than 6, all this possessing the opposition of the technical personnel of the department of roads of the condition of Washington. Despite everything the solution was accepted by the authorities. After the fatal one conclusion<sup>1<\/sup> Eldridge accepted his part of guilt and his life ended for twisting when to fall down prisoner of the Japanese army during the World War II. For your part Moisseiff would lose great part of his reputation in the analysis and design of these structures. Nothing knows, nevertheless, of the future of the political authority that it endorsed this decision.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">They have written to themselves all kinds of <a href=\"https:\/\/wsdot.wa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">articles<\/a>, there have been opened groups of recovery of images of the construction, inauguration and collapse, the different videoes have been analyzed including the factor of correction of times due to the formats of recording to try to analyze the frequencies in the deformation, several exist <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tacomanarrowsbridge.org\/photos1940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fan sites<\/a><\/em>, enclosed groups in recollection of the only victim \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuddy<\/a>\u201d<sup>2 <\/sup> a Spanish cocker of three legs \u2026 Is easy to trace the history, the references afoot of article include interesting links.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I would like to put nevertheless the area in one of the prominent figures interveners, this man that one walks for the structure in movement taking information, and to which we owe part of the images. Maybe the secondary one, a 45-year-old engineer who works for the university of Washington and who will receive the order, once inaugurated the bridge, of putting solution to the excessive movement of the same one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is a question of the teacher F.B. \u201cBert\u201d Farquharson who already was enjoying professional prestige and it directs an equipment that it will realize models of the structure to scale 1:200 and 1:20 introducing the same ones in wind tunnels. Monitored the movements of the structure observe deformations in the model that they were not appreciating in the royal structure. The study generates a series of recommendations directed to improving the aerodynamic behavior of the board, some of the remedies as the installation of suspenders to the soil could join but others remained dependent on application.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The diagnosis and priest of the <em>Gallopin<\/em> Bridge<em><sup>3<\/sup><\/em> kept him occupied during a few months of life of the structure and before the big deformations produced On November 7 it does not hesitate to approach the place to come out in photographs and to take information of what is happening. The teacher wanted to be present until the end as a doctor who treats his patient sick with birth, it knew about the weakness of the patient who was suffering from an excess of flexibility but was supporting the faith in which the structure was recovering his figure and was working out victorious of it her fights. It suffered directly seeing her to fight against his quakes up to his fatal conclusion.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_60768\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60768\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-60768\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg\" alt=\"Tacoma Narrows Bridge\" width=\"630\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia.jpg 865w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Tacoma-Narrows-Bridge-1940-secuencia-300x77.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-60768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The video contributes an epic vision to the moment, the car stopped to half a way, the prominent figures trying to save the caught dog and to the time trying to realize a capture of information to support the scientific diagnosis of the happened. The crossed information, the faith in the hypothesis, the mistake, the innovation, the step in false, the reputation&#8230; It was not the only bridge in collapsing during those years but undoubtedly it is one of the most famous cases generating hundreds of studies, diagnoses and comments in the matter not exempt from polemic, at present the scientific community still discusses the final reason of the <a href=\"http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/magazine\/physicstoday\/article\/68\/11\/10.1063\/PT.3.2991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collapse<\/a> debating between the thin line that separates the resonance and the aerodynamic autoexcitation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The graphs that the press was reproducing with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/kb78w3\/the-myth-of-galloping-gertie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Farquharson<\/a>&#8216;s recommendations aim at solutions in the aerodynamic behavior of the structure, be afraid nowadays already clearly assimilated in the design of these structures nevertheless of the images of the man in the video and his later declarations offer a lot of information to major, speak about the integrity of a person, about the passion of a professional for solving the order and do not stop affecting so much as the own deformation of the structure. He itself will be the manager of realizing the tests of the new model of bridge, a new attempt on the same brand, in 1950 another bridge will be inaugurated on the river Narrows that still today is kept in service and where the knowledge contributed by the first experience added to the restrictions of steel derived from the War will be fundamental in the definitive design but this it is already another history.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/xfcaer\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/xfcaer_tacoma-narrows-bridge-1940_shortfilms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940) <\/a>Assembly of video with different recordings realized in movies of 15 mm by the local photographers Barney Elliott y T. Harbine Monroe and the present technical personnel.<\/span><i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Fermin G. Blanco. PhD architect<br \/>\nLa Coru\u00f1a. August 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Notes:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup>. The toll of step was of .75 $ for cars and 10 cents for pedestrians, an authentic experience, bridge and roller coaster to the time&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2<\/sup>. Groups of support exist numerous to the dog expired in the collapse. Tuddy was a Cocker Espa\u00f1ol of three legs according to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/10\/the-only-victim-of-the-tacoma-narrows-bridge-collapse-was-a-three-legged-dog\/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">information<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3<\/sup>. Gallopin Gertier&#8217;s nickname comes from a popular song of lounge that can be listened in the following link.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hSfRGcx_xGY[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Learning by doing es el mantra que gu\u00eda una manera de entender la educaci\u00f3n y tambi\u00e9n el ejercicio de cualquier profesi\u00f3n. En momentos de redefinici\u00f3n de tantos aspectos de nuestra sociedad, la frase puede interpretarse de manera tan flexible como estemos dispuestos a interpretar ambos verbos, \u00bfQu\u00e9 aprendemos? y \u00bfQu\u00e9 es hacer en nuestros [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":60767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[12574,12572,458,8094,535,573,712,12573,4798,1103,1241,12575],"class_list":["post-60765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-barney-elliott","tag-clark-eldridge","tag-educacion","tag-escuela-de-arquitectura","tag-estudiante","tag-fermin-blanco","tag-ingenieria","tag-leon-moisseiff","tag-modelo-profesional","tag-profesion","tag-sociedad","tag-t-harbine-monroe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>[:es]Learning by doing. 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