{"id":45260,"date":"2013-11-08T06:21:31","date_gmt":"2013-11-08T06:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=45260"},"modified":"2022-07-30T09:33:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-30T07:33:35","slug":"arquitecturas-inclasificables-el-goetheanum-r-steiner-1926-28-rodrigo-almonacid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitecturas-inclasificables-el-goetheanum-r-steiner-1926-28-rodrigo-almonacid\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Arquitecturas inclasificables: el \u201cGoetheanum\u201d (R.Steiner, 1926-28) | Rodrigo Almonacid[:gl]Arquitecturas inclasificables: o \u201cGoetheanum\u201d (R.Steiner, 1926-28) | Rodrigo Almonacid[:en]Unclassifiable architectures: the \u00abGoetheanum\u00bb (R.Steiner, 1926-28) | Rodrigo Almonacid[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<figure id=\"attachment_45261\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45261\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45261\" title=\"goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45261\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Interior del Goetheanum (c) Rodrigo Almonacid [r-arquitectura]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Inclasificable. Incalificable. Inabarcable. Inaprensible. In-\u201dno-s\u00e9-cu\u00e1ntas-cosas\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El <a title=\"web del Goetheanum\" href=\"https:\/\/www.goetheanum.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>GOETHEANUM<\/strong><\/a> es una de esas obras de Arquitectura Moderna que desestabiliza al espectador , ya sea \u00e9ste profano o docto en Arquitectura. No en vano, estimado lector, es esta una de esas grandes obras ignoradas por los grandes popes de la Historiograf\u00eda del Movimiento Moderno como Giedion, Pevsner, o Hitchcock, para quienes haber incluido esta obra en sus magn\u00edficas \u201cHistorias de la Arquitectura Moderna\u201d hubiera supuesto no solo una anomal\u00eda sino una inadmisible erosi\u00f3n a su concepto de Modernidad mesi\u00e1nica que pregonaron con audacia en el per\u00edodo de entreguerras. Tampoco autores m\u00e1s recientes como Frampton o Ben\u00e9volo siquiera mencionan de pasada a este edificio ni a su autor;\u00a0tan solo <strong>William Curtis<\/strong> le hace m\u00ednima justicia con una imagen y una frase lapidaria, diciendo que es \u201c<em>otra omisi\u00f3n capital de la primera historiograf\u00eda del movimiento moderno<\/em>\u201c, al referirse al <strong>Expresionismo<\/strong> en el que esta obra queda etiquetada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El edificio es verdaderamente sorprendente y revelador, viva representaci\u00f3n de la\u00a0<strong>Antroposof\u00eda<\/strong>, rama de pensamiento escindida de la\u00a0Teosof\u00eda\u00a0de H.Blavatsky, a la que se suele definir como un movimiento cient\u00edfico-filos\u00f3fico-espiritual que abrazaron pintores tan fant\u00e1sticos como vanguardistas de la talla de Kandinsky o Mondrian. A <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> (1861-1925), impulsor de ese movimiento a medio camino entre lo esot\u00e9rico y lo religioso, debemos la construcci\u00f3n del \u201cGoetheanum\u201d, tanto en su primera versi\u00f3n de doble c\u00fapula (pasto de las llamas en la Nochevieja de 1922-23) como en la definitiva, la segunda versi\u00f3n que Steiner empez\u00f3 a construir el a\u00f1o de su muerte (1925) y terminada en 1928. Cronol\u00f3gicamente es coet\u00e1neo de la villa Stein (Le Corbusier), del Pabell\u00f3n de Rusia en la expo de Par\u00eds (Melnikov) o de la Weissenhofsiedlungen de Stuttgart (Mies\u2026), y anterior al Sanatorio de Paimio (Aalto), al rascacielos neoyorkino Chrysler (Van Allen) o a la exposici\u00f3n internacional de Estocolmo (Asplund\u2026). Sin embargo, cualquiera podr\u00edamos adscribirlo a la arquitectura brutalista de la posguerra; o, por el contrario, interpretarlo como el sedimento de otros experimentos proto-racionalistas como el <a title=\"Werkbundtheater - H. van de Velde (Colonia, 1914)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arthistory.upenn.edu\/spr01\/282\/w4c2i14.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Werkbundtheater <\/a>de<strong> Henry van de Velde<\/strong> (1914) , ciertas obras industriales de <strong>Hans P\u00f6elzig<\/strong>. En fin, como anunciaba al principio, una aut\u00e9ntica <em>rara avis<\/em> para cualquier ejercicio taxon\u00f3mico de cierto rigor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45262\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45262\" title=\"goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Acceso principal al Goetheanum en el invierno de 2004 (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pocas veces un arquitecto construye un sue\u00f1o, as\u00ed, literalmente. En las primeras d\u00e9cadas del pasado siglo XX, los anhelos de transgresi\u00f3n dieron lugar a episodios notables de arquitecturas fant\u00e1sticas, nunca completadas. Quiz\u00e1 porque, en el fondo, nunca tuvieron la voluntad de ser proyectadas para acabar convirti\u00e9ndose en materia edificada. Uno intuye que siempre hubiera sido menos interesante la construcci\u00f3n terminada que los dibujos del proyecto que se conservan de obras por todos conocidas: las ciudades futuristas de <strong>Sant\u2019Elia<\/strong>, las utop\u00edas constructivistas de <strong>Tatlin<\/strong> o <strong>Lissitzky<\/strong>, los sue\u00f1os expresionistas de <strong>Mendelsohn<\/strong> o incluso propuestas de lugares de culto simb\u00f3licos como el \u201cDanteum\u201d de <strong>Terragni <\/strong>(todo un elogio a Dante para mayor gloria del fascismo patri\u00f3tico de la Italia de Mussolini). Rudolf Steiner no lo quiso as\u00ed, quiso trascender al plano de las ideas, ordenando una \u00fanica materia para lograr darle su corpus f\u00edsico: el hormig\u00f3n armado.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El edificio, de escala monumental a todas luces, pierde su rigidez y simetr\u00eda program\u00e1tica al cobrar vida en sus elementos. P\u00f3rticos sin columnas, ventanas trapezoidales (nunca hay dos iguales juntas), vidrieras con trampantojos y de gran intensidad crom\u00e1tica, escaleras que parecen no llevar a ninguna parte, una cubierta tan facetada como un caparaz\u00f3n de un crust\u00e1ceo o tan dura como una costra de basalto\u2026 Cuando lo visit\u00e9 hace ya casi 10 a\u00f1os me qued\u00e9 perplejo tras la visita, acaso como aquel viajero que acab\u00f3 conmocionado al quedar atrapado en el castillo de <a title=\"NOSFERATU herido por la luz del alba\" href=\"http:\/\/film.lzmk.hr\/userfiles\/image\/slike_film\/fe_0361.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Nosferatu<\/strong><\/a>. Y m\u00e1s a\u00fan tras pasear entre las arquitecturas que acompa\u00f1an al Goetheanum de Dornach, donde creci\u00f3 una colonia repleta de las m\u00e1s extra\u00f1as piezas que uno pueda imaginar, elogio sin duda a la figura de ese <strong>Fausto<\/strong> que despierta en la segunda parte del texto escrito por <strong>Goethe<\/strong> donde el <em>pathos<\/em> personal de la primera parte trasciende a uno m\u00e1s universal, verdaderamente tr\u00e1gico, al que uno se enfrenta sin tapujos pues ha vendido el alma al diablo antes. Tienes aqu\u00ed, querido lector, un v\u00eddeo a modo de visita virtual por el edificio (acompa\u00f1ado por la m\u00fasica de Beethoven), pues intentar describir los espacios y detalles de este edificio con fotos fijas se hace tarea imposible:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Goetheanum and surrounding buildings in Dornach Switzerland lovely architecture\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OWX8-L65PRU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quiz\u00e1 <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> vio perdida su alma al ver incendiadas\u00a0las delicadas c\u00fapulas de madera\u00a0de su primer Goetheanum, y la decidi\u00f3 vender su alma al diablo en forma de inexpugnable roca de hormig\u00f3n para liberarse a \u00e9l mismo y a cuantos segu\u00edan la antroposof\u00eda por entonces (no pocos, y muy influyentes). Yo me quedo aqu\u00ed, en lo terrenal, all\u00ed donde mis ojos se quedan pasmados imaginando la complejidad de los encofrados de tablones para el hormig\u00f3n o boquiabierto ante un inesperado ba\u00f1o de luz coloreada (basta ver la imagen del final de este post), verdadera <strong>abluci\u00f3n espiritual<\/strong> para el alma de un arquitecto irreverente e inconformista como yo, lo admito.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45264\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45264\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45264\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"Vest\u00edbulo principal del GOETHEANUM (c) Rodrigo Almonacid\" width=\"750\" height=\"1001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45264\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vest\u00edbulo principal del GOETHEANUM (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rodrigo Almonacid <a href=\"http:\/\/rarquitectura.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[r-arquitectura]<\/a> \u00b7 doctor arquitecto<br \/>\nvalladolid. noviembre 2013[:en]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45261\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45261\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45261\" title=\"goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45261\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Interior of the\u00a0Goetheanum (c) Rodrigo Almonacid [r-arquitectura]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unclassifiable. Indescribable. Inabarcable. Inaprensible. In-\u201cnot-I know-how many-things\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The\u00a0<a title=\"web del Goetheanum\" href=\"https:\/\/www.goetheanum.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>GOETHEANUM<\/strong><\/a> is one of these works of Modern Architecture that destabilizes the spectator, already be profane or learned this one in Architecture. Not uselessly, estimated reading, it is the this one of these big works ignored by the big priests of the Historiography of the Modern Movement as Giedion, Pevsner, or Hitchcock, for whom to have included this work in his magnificent \u201cHistories of the Modern Architecture\u201d had supposed not alone an anomaly but an inadmissible erosion to his concept of Messianic Modernity that they proclaimed with audacity in the period between the wars. More recent authors like Frampton or Benevolent at least they mention of spent neither this building nor to his author; only <strong>William Curtis<\/strong> does minimal justice to him with an image and a lapidary phrase, saying that is a <em>\u201canother cardinal omission of the first historiography of the modern movement\u201d<\/em>, on having referred to the <strong>Expressionism<\/strong> in which this one acts remains labelled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The building is really surprising and developer, alive representation of the <strong>Anthroposophy<\/strong>, branch of thought split of the Teosof\u00eda de H.Blavatsky, to which there is in the habit of being defined as a movement scientist &#8211; filos\u00f3fico-espiritual that there embraced painters as fantastic as avant-gardists of the height of Kandinsky or Mondrian. Impeller of this movement to half a way between the esoteric thing and the religious thing, we owe the construction of the\u00a0\u201cGoetheanum\u201d to <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> (1861-1925), both in his first version of double dome (pasture of the flames in the New Year&#8217;s Eve of 1922-23) and in the definitive one, the second version that Steiner started constructing the year of his death (1925) and finished in 1928. Chronologically he is a contemporary of the villa Stein (Him Corbusier), of the Pavilion of Russia in the expo of Paris (Melnikov) or of the Weissenhofsiedlungen of Stuttgart (Mies\u2026), and previous to Paimio&#8217;s Sanatorium (Aalto), to the skyscraper neoyorkino Chrysler (They van Allen) or to the international exhibition of Stockholm (Asplund \u2026). Nevertheless, anyone we might assign it to the architecture brutalista of the postwar period; or, on the contrary, to interpret it as the sediment of other proto-racionalist experiments as the\u00a0<a title=\"Werkbundtheater - H. van de Velde (Colonia, 1914)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arthistory.upenn.edu\/spr01\/282\/w4c2i14.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Werkbundtheater<\/a> de Henry van de Velde (1914), Hans P\u00f6elzig&#8217;s certain industrial works. In end, as it was announcing initially, a<em>rara avis<\/em> certification for any exercise taxon\u00f3mico of certain rigor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45262\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45262\" title=\"goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"612\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Principal access to the Goetheanum in the winter of 2004 (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rarely an architect constructs a dream, this way, literally. In the first decades of the past 20th century, the longings transgressions never gave place to notable episodes of fantastic architectures, completed. Probably because, in the bottom, they never had the will to be projected to finish turning into built-up matter. One feels that always it had been a less interesting the finished construction than the drawings of the project that remain of works for all known: <strong>Sant&#8217;Elia<\/strong>&#8216;s futurist cities, the Utopias constructivistas of <strong>Tatlin<\/strong> or <strong>Lissitzky<\/strong>, the dreams expressionists of <strong>Mendelsohn<\/strong> or even proposed of symbolic places of worship like <strong>Terragni<\/strong>&#8216;s\u00a0\u201cDanteum\u201d (the whole praise to Dante for major glory of the patriotic fascism of Mussolini&#8217;s Italy). Rudolf Steiner did not want it this way, wanted to come out of the plane of the ideas, arranging the only matter to manage to give him his physical corpus: the reinforced concrete.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The building, on a large scale monumental to all lights, loses his inflexibility and programmatical symmetry on having received life in his elements. Porticoes without columns, trapezoidal windows (there are never two equal meetings), windows with trampantojos and of great chromatic intensity, stairs that seem not to go nowhere, a cover so facetada as a shell of a crustacean or so it lasts as a crust of basalt \u2026 When I visited it does already almost 10 years I remained perplex after the visit, chance as that traveler who finished shocked on having remained caught in <a title=\"NOSFERATU herido por la luz del alba\" href=\"http:\/\/film.lzmk.hr\/userfiles\/image\/slike_film\/fe_0361.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Nosferatu<\/strong><\/a>&#8216;s castle. And even more after walking between the architectures that accompany the Goetheanum de Dornach, where there grew a colony replete with the strangest pieces that one could imagine, I praise undoubtedly to the figure of this <strong>Fausto<\/strong> who wakes up in the second part of the text written by <strong>Goethe<\/strong> where the personal<em> pathos<\/em> of the first part comes out of the more universal, really tragic one, which one faces without mufflers since it has sold the soul to the devil before. You have here, reading darling, a video like virtual visit for the building (accompanied by Beethoven&#8217;s music), so try to describe the spaces and details of this building with fixed photos does impossible task to itself:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Goetheanum and surrounding buildings in Dornach Switzerland lovely architecture\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OWX8-L65PRU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Probably <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> saw his soul lost on having seen inflamed the delicate domes of wood of his first Goetheanum, and decided to sell his soul to the devil in the shape of impregnable rock of concrete to be liberated to him itself and to all those they were following the anthroposophy for then (not few ones, and very influential). I remain here, in the earthly thing, there where my eyes remain amazed imagining the complexity of the encofrados of planks for the concrete or open-mouthed before an unexpected bath of colored light (it is enough to see the image of the end of this post), real <strong>spiritual ablution<\/strong> for the soul of an irreverent architect and unconformist as me, I admit it.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45264\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45264\" style=\"width: 497px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45264\" title=\"r-arquitectura (c) Rodrigo Almonacid\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45264\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Principal foyer of the\u00a0GOETHEANUM (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rodrigo Almonacid <a href=\"http:\/\/rarquitectura.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[r-arquitectura]<\/a> \u00b7 doctor architect<\/p>\n<p>valladolid. november 2013<\/p>\n<p>[:gl]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45261\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45261\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45261\" title=\"goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-escaleras-c-rodrigo-almonacid-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45261\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Interior do Goetheanum (c) Rodrigo Almonacid [r-arquitectura]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Inclasificable. Incualificable. Inabarcable. Inaprensible. In- \u201cnon-sei-cantas-cosas\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O\u00a0<a title=\"web del Goetheanum\" href=\"https:\/\/www.goetheanum.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>GOETHEANUM<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> \u00e9 unha desas obras de Arquitectura Moderna que desestabilizar o espectador, xa sexa este profano ou douto en Arquitectura. Non en van, estimado lector, \u00e9 esta unha desas grandes obras ignoradas polos grandes popes da Historiograf\u00eda do Movemento Moderno como Giedion, Pevsner, ou Hitchcock, para os cales inclu\u00edr esta obra nas s\u00faas magn\u00edficas <em>\u201c<\/em>Historias da Arquitectura Moderna\u201d tivese suposto non s\u00f3 unha anomal\u00eda sen\u00f3n unha inadmisible erosi\u00f3n ao seu concepto de Modernidade mesi\u00e1nica que pregoaron con audacia no per\u00edodo de entreguerras. Tampouco autores m\u00e1is recentes como Frampton ou Ben\u00e9volo sequera mencionan de pasada a este edificio nin ao seu autor; tan s\u00f3 <strong>William Curtis<\/strong> faille m\u00ednima xustiza cunha imaxe e unha frase lapidaria, dicindo que \u00e9 <em>\u201coutra omisi\u00f3n capital da primeira historiograf\u00eda do movemento moderno\u201d<\/em>, ao referirse ao <strong>Expresionismo<\/strong> no que esta obra queda etiquetada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O edificio \u00e9 verdadeiramente sorprendente e revelador, viva representaci\u00f3n da <strong>Antroposof\u00eda<\/strong>, rama de pensamento escindida da Teosof\u00eda de H.Blavatsky, \u00e1 que se adoita definir como un movemento cient\u00edfico-filos\u00f3fico-espiritual, que abrazaron pintores tan fant\u00e1sticos como vangardistas do talle de Kandinsky ou Mondrian. A\u00a0<strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> (1861-1925), impulsor dese movemento a medio cami\u00f1o entre o esot\u00e9rico e o relixioso, debemos a construci\u00f3n do \u201cGoetheanum\u201d, tanto na s\u00faa\u00a0primera versi\u00f3n de dobre c\u00fapula (pasto das chamas na Noitevella de 1922-23) como na definitiva, a segunda versi\u00f3n que Steiner empezou a constru\u00edr o ano da s\u00faa morte (1925) e rematada en 1928. Cronoloxicamente \u00e9 coet\u00e1neo da vila Stein (Le Corbusier), do Pavill\u00f3n de Rusia na expo de Par\u00eds (Melnikov) ou da Weissenhofsiedlungen de Stuttgart (Cereal&#8230;), e anterior ao Sanatorio de Paimio (Aalto), ao ra\u00f1aceos neoyorkino Chrysler (Van Allen) ou \u00e1 exposici\u00f3n internacional de Estocolmo (Asplund&#8230;). Non obstante, calquera poderiamos adscribilo \u00e1 arquitectura brutalista da posguerra; ou, pola contra, interpretalo como o sedimento doutros experimentos proto-racionalistas-racionalistas como o\u00a0<a title=\"Werkbundtheater - H. van de Velde (Colonia, 1914)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arthistory.upenn.edu\/spr01\/282\/w4c2i14.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Werkbundtheater<\/a> de Henry van de Velde (1914), certas obras industriais de <strong>Hans P\u00f6elzig<\/strong>. En fin, como anunciaba ao principio, unha aut\u00e9ntica rara avis para calquera exercicio taxon\u00f3mico de certo rigor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45262\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45262\" title=\"goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"612\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-acceso-principal-c-rodrigo-almonacid-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Acceso principal o Goetheanum no invierno de 2004 (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Poucas veces un arquitecto constr\u00fae un sono, as\u00ed, literalmente. Nas primeiras d\u00e9cadas do pasado s\u00e9culo XX, os anhelos de transgresi\u00f3n deron lugar a episodios notables de arquitecturas fant\u00e1sticas, nunca completadas. Quizais porque, no fondo, nunca tiveron a vontade de ser proxectadas para acabar convert\u00e9ndose en materia edificada. Un int\u00fae que sempre tivese sido menos interesante a construci\u00f3n rematada que os debuxos do proxecto que se conservan de obras por todos co\u00f1ecidas: as cidades futuristas de <strong>Sant&#8217;Elia<\/strong>, as utop\u00edas constructivistas de <strong>Tatlin<\/strong> ou <strong>Lissitzky<\/strong>, os sonos expresionistas de <strong>Mendelsohn<\/strong> ou mesmo propostas de lugares de culto simb\u00f3licos como o\u00a0\u201cDanteum\u201d de <strong>Terragni<\/strong> (todo un eloxio a Dante para maior gloria do fascismo patri\u00f3tico da Italia de Mussolini). Rudolf Steiner non o quixo as\u00ed, quixo transcender ao plano das ideas, ordenando unha \u00fanica materia para lograr darlle o seu corpus f\u00edsico: o formig\u00f3n armado.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O edificio, de escala monumental a todas luces, perde a s\u00faa rixidez e simetr\u00eda program\u00e1tica ao cobrar vida nos seus elementos. P\u00f3rticos sen columnas, vent\u00e1s trapezoidais (nunca hai d\u00faas iguais xuntas), vidreiras con trampantojos e de grande intensidade crom\u00e1tica, escaleiras que parecen non levar a ningunha parte, unha cuberta tan facetada como unha cuncha dun crust\u00e1ceo ou tan dura como unha codia de basalto&#8230; cando o visitei fai xa case 10 anos quedeime perplexo tras a visita, acaso como aquel viaxeiro que acabou conmocionado ao quedar atrapado no castelo de <a title=\"NOSFERATU herido por la luz del alba\" href=\"http:\/\/film.lzmk.hr\/userfiles\/image\/slike_film\/fe_0361.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Nosferatu<\/strong><\/a>. E m\u00e1is a\u00ednda tras pasear entre as arquitecturas que acompa\u00f1an ao Goetheanum de Dornach, onde creceu unha colonia repleta das m\u00e1is estra\u00f1as pezas que un poida imaxinar, eloxio sen d\u00fabida \u00e1 figura dese <strong>Fausto<\/strong> que esperta na segunda parte do texto escrito por <strong>Goethe<\/strong> onde o <em>pathos<\/em> persoal da primeira parte transcende a un m\u00e1is universal, verdadeiramente tr\u00e1xico, ao que un se enfronta sen disimulos pois vendeu a alma ao demo antes. Tes aqu\u00ed, querido lector, un v\u00eddeo a xeito de visita virtual polo edificio (acompa\u00f1ado pola m\u00fasica de Beethoven), pois intentar describir os espazos e detalles deste edificio con fotos fixas se fai tarefa imposible:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Goetheanum and surrounding buildings in Dornach Switzerland lovely architecture\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OWX8-L65PRU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quizais <strong>Rudolf Steiner<\/strong> viu perdida a s\u00faa alma ao ver incendiadas as delicadas c\u00fapulas de madeira do seu primeiro Goetheanum, e decidiuna vender a s\u00faa alma ao demo en forma de inexpugnable rocha de formig\u00f3n para liberarse a el mesmo e a cantos segu\u00edan a antroposof\u00eda por ent\u00f3n (non poucos, e moi influentes). Eu quedo aqu\u00ed, no terreal, al\u00ed onde os meus ollos se quedan pasmados imaxinando a complexidade dos encofrados de taboleiros para o formig\u00f3n ou pampo ante un inesperado ba\u00f1o de luz coloreada (abonda ver a imaxe do final deste post), verdadeira<strong> abluci\u00f3n espiritual<\/strong> para a alma dun arquitecto irreverente e inconformista como eu, o admito.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45264\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45264\" style=\"width: 497px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45264\" title=\"r-arquitectura (c) Rodrigo Almonacid\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid.jpg 497w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/goetheanum-interior-bajo-vidriera-roja-c-rodrigo-almonacid-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45264\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Vest\u00edbulo principal do GOETHEANUM (c) Rodrigo Almonacid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rodrigo Almonacid <a href=\"http:\/\/rarquitectura.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[r-arquitectura]<\/a> \u00b7 doutor arquitecto<\/p>\n<p>valladolid. november 2013<\/p>\n<p>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Inclasificable. Incalificable. Inabarcable. Inaprensible. In-\u201dno-s\u00e9-cu\u00e1ntas-cosas\u201d\u2026 El GOETHEANUM es una de esas obras de Arquitectura Moderna que desestabiliza al espectador , ya sea \u00e9ste profano o docto en Arquitectura. No en vano, estimado lector, es esta una de esas grandes obras ignoradas por los grandes popes de la Historiograf\u00eda del Movimiento Moderno como Giedion, Pevsner, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":45262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[102,9292,5139,6821,6656,10451,10452,10064,10164,668,7720,1621,9283,2569,785,3943,865,898,8135,3452,5027,3929,7773,2341,10453],"class_list":["post-45260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-alvar-aalto","tag-antonio-santelia","tag-erich-mendelsohn","tag-erik-gunnar-asplund","tag-giuseppe-terragni","tag-hans-poelzig","tag-helena-blavatsky","tag-henry-van-de-velde","tag-henry-russell-hitchcock","tag-historia","tag-johann-wolfgang-von-goethe","tag-kenneth-frampton","tag-konstantin-stepanovich-melnikov","tag-lazar-markovich-lissitzky","tag-le-corbusier","tag-leonardo-benevolo","tag-mies-van-der-rohe","tag-movimiento-moderno","tag-nikolaus-pevsner","tag-personaje","tag-rudolf-steiner","tag-sigfried-giedion","tag-vladimir-tatlin","tag-william-j-r-curtis","tag-william-van-alen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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