{"id":39091,"date":"2014-04-18T06:00:08","date_gmt":"2014-04-18T04:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=39091"},"modified":"2022-07-01T13:30:17","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T11:30:17","slug":"espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Espacios para aprender. Arquitectura y Docencia (III) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:gl]Espazos para aprender. Arquitectura e Docencia (III) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:en]Spaces to learn. Architecture and Teaching (III) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1Y7S0CB9Gm\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">[:es]Espacios para aprender. Arquitectura y Docencia (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:gl]Espazos para aprender. Arquitectura e Docencia (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:en]Spaces to learn. Architecture and Teaching (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab[:es]Espacios para aprender. Arquitectura y Docencia (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:gl]Espazos para aprender. Arquitectura e Docencia (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:en]Spaces to learn. Architecture and Teaching (II) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:]\u00bb \u2014 veredes\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/embed\/#?secret=T2bX773a5q#?secret=1Y7S0CB9Gm\" data-secret=\"1Y7S0CB9Gm\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nuevos espacios educativos al calor del movimiento moderno y los nuevos planteamientos pedag\u00f3gicos.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La irrupci\u00f3n del movimiento moderno en el panorama arquitect\u00f3nico europeo produjo los primeros ejemplos de tipolog\u00eda escolar realmente evolucionados. Lo cierto es que el edificio de corte social fue en pocas ocasiones un tema central del movimiento moderno, mucho m\u00e1s centrado en el desarrollo de la vivienda, pero algunas de las premisas de su b\u00fasqueda de un nuevo lenguaje arquitect\u00f3nico para la nueva sociedad del siglo XX fueron aplicadas de forma directa a los nuevos espacios educativos. El acceso de algunos de estos arquitectos a cargos de responsabilidad en los ayuntamientos \u2013especialmente en Alemania y los Pa\u00edses Bajos- ayud\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n a que la labor municipal de promoci\u00f3n de la escuela p\u00fablica fuera acompa\u00f1ada de nuevos planteamientos pedag\u00f3gicos. Los trabajos de Willem Dudok, al frente del ayuntamiento de Hilversum, Ernst May en Frankfurt, o Bruno y Max Taut, en Berl\u00edn, suponen los primeros intentos de definici\u00f3n de edificios escolares modernos de promoci\u00f3n p\u00fablica. A pesar de las diferencias en planteamiento de estas propuestas \u2013contradiciendo la supuesta uniformidad de lenguaje dentro del movimiento moderno \u2013 podemos encontrar ciertos invariantes m\u00e1s conceptuales que formales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uno de los m\u00e1s interesantes lo supone la progresiva \u201catomizaci\u00f3n\u201d del edificio escolar, que encuentra en la organizaci\u00f3n de <em>pabellones independientes<\/em> una forma ideal de composici\u00f3n espacial, alejada de la rigidez monumental del edificio escolar tradicional. Esta disposici\u00f3n aparece por la necesidad de obtener la mayor superficie de fachada posible y la posibilidad de jugar con la diferente orientaci\u00f3n de cada espacio, seg\u00fan sus necesidades de iluminaci\u00f3n y ventilaci\u00f3n, y llegar\u00e1 a su desarrollo m\u00e1s elaborado en la Sede de la Bauhaus, en Dessau, proyectado en 1925 por Walter Gropius.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39126\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39126\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39126\" title=\"may\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39126\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Escuela Bornheimer. Frankfurt. Arq. Ernst May, 1927 | Fuente: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podemos encontrar ejemplos en la disposici\u00f3n en forma de peine, con los patios individuales de cada aula orientados al Este, buscando la iluminaci\u00f3n matinal de las clases, de un edificio como la Escuela Bornheimer, de Ernst May (1927) o en la sorprendente plataforma volada del patio de la PeterSchule, de Hannes Meyer y Hans Wittmer (1926). Ambos edificios, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la b\u00fasqueda de un lenguaje formal moderno, responden sin duda a la adopci\u00f3n de conceptos de m\u00e1ximo aprovechamiento de la iluminaci\u00f3n y de disposici\u00f3n de espacios para juego al aire libre, tan b\u00e1sico en nuestras escuelas actuales, pero tan revolucionario para estos primeros a\u00f1os del siglo XX.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39127\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39127\" title=\"peterschule\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">PeterSchule, Basilea. Arq. Meyer y Wittwer, 1927 | Fuente: CURTIS, William. La arquitectura moderna desde 1900.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El desarrollo \u00faltimo de la optimizaci\u00f3n de iluminaci\u00f3n y ventilaci\u00f3n lleva a la propuesta de modelos de <em>Escuela al aire libre<\/em>, que se convertir\u00e1 en un modelo recurrente, especialmente en los Pa\u00edses Bajos. El ejemplo m\u00e1s caracter\u00edstico de este tipo de realizaci\u00f3n lo encontramos en el dise\u00f1o de Jan Duiker para \u00c1msterdam. La Escuela est\u00e1 situada en un patio de parcela y dispone sus aulas en las diagonales de una planta cuadrada, alternadas con una terraza abierta a orientaci\u00f3n sur, que permite la comunicaci\u00f3n directa con las aulas. La situaci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo de comunicaciones en el centro de la composici\u00f3n permite liberar completamente las fachadas para obtener una superficie m\u00e1xima de iluminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39128\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39128\" title=\"duiker-plan\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan-300x165.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Escuela al aire libre. Amsterdam. Arq. Jan Duiker. Planta tipo e imagen de \u00e9poca\u00a0| Fuentes: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula y <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/functionmag.tumblr.com\/post\/52238532558\/open-air-school-amsterdam-netherlands-jan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumblr<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Raquel Mart\u00ednez y Alberto Ruiz<br \/>\narquitectos, docentes e investigadores<br \/>\nMadrid. abril 2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Monograf\u00edas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GARCIA PABLOS, Rodolfo. <em>Construcciones Escolares. Curso organizado por el gobierno espa\u00f1ol como colaboraci\u00f3n al proyecto principal de la UNESCO<\/em>. Madrid: Direcci\u00f3n General de Ense\u00f1anza Primaria, 1962<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LANDROVE, Susana, ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/34GaGu6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Equipamientos I. Lugares p\u00fablicos y nuevos programas, 1925-1965. Registro DoCoMoMo Ib\u00e9rico<\/em><\/a>. Barcelona: Fundaci\u00f3n Caja de Arquitectos: Fundaci\u00f3n DOCOMOMO ib\u00e9rico, 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/31jrbdB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La arquitectura del aula. Nuevas escuelas madrile\u00f1as, 1868-1968<\/a>.<\/em> Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. \u00c1rea de las Artes, 2007<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>A.C. Documentos de Actividad Contempor\u00e1nea<\/em>. n\u00ba 9. Primer trimestre de 1933. Barcelona Madrid San Sebasti\u00e1n: G.A.T.E.P.A.C. (Grupo de Arquitectos y T\u00e9cnicos Espa\u00f1oles para el Progreso de la Arquitectura Contempor\u00e1nea), 1931-1937<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Recursos en l\u00ednea:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El Blog de Stepien y Barno. <em>La ense\u00f1anza seg\u00fan Louis Kahn [en l\u00ednea] <\/em>Abril de 2010 [Consulta en julio de 2012] Disponible en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stepienybarno.es\/blog\/2010\/04\/26\/la-ensenanza-segun-louis-kahn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ALVES GON\u00c7ALVES, Polyanna. <em>Herman Hertzberger. <\/em><em>Edificios Escolares<\/em> [en l\u00ednea]. Octubre de 2009 2010 [Consulta en julio de 2012]\u00a0 Disponible en <a href=\"http:\/\/hertzbergertca.blogspot.com.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"brDRrxzE0J\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">[:es]Espacios para aprender. Arquitectura y Docencia (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:gl]Espazos para aprender. Arquitectura e Docencia (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:en]Spaces to learn. Architecture and Teaching (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab[:es]Espacios para aprender. Arquitectura y Docencia (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:gl]Espazos para aprender. Arquitectura e Docencia (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:en]Spaces to learn. Architecture and Teaching (IV) | Raquel Mart\u00ednez &#8211; Alberto Ruiz[:]\u00bb \u2014 veredes\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/embed\/#?secret=FJqoU0rCyD#?secret=brDRrxzE0J\" data-secret=\"brDRrxzE0J\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>[:gl]<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Novos espazos educativos \u00e1 calor do movemento moderno e as novas formulaci\u00f3ns pedag\u00f3xicas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A irrupci\u00f3n do movemento moderno no panorama arquitect\u00f3nico europeo produciu os primeiros exemplos de tipolox\u00eda escolar realmente evolucionados. O certo \u00e9 que o edificio de corte social foi en poucas ocasi\u00f3ns un tema central do movemento moderno moito m\u00e1is centrado no desenvolvemento da vivenda, pero algunhas das premisas da s\u00faa busca dunha nova linguaxe arquitect\u00f3nica para a nova sociedade do s\u00e9culo XX foron aplicadas de forma directa aos novos espazos educativos. O acceso dalg\u00fans destes arquitectos a cargos de responsabilidade nos concellos -especialmente en Alema\u00f1a e o Pa\u00edses Baixos- axudou tam\u00e9n a que o labor municipal de promoci\u00f3n da escola p\u00fablica fose acompa\u00f1ado de novas formulaci\u00f3ns pedag\u00f3xicas. Os traballos de Willem Dudok, \u00e1 fronte do concello de Hilversum, Ernst May en Frankfurt, ou Bruno e Max Taut, en Berl\u00edn, supo\u00f1en os primeiros intentos de definici\u00f3n de edificios escolares modernos de promoci\u00f3n p\u00fablica. A pesar das diferenzas en formulaci\u00f3n destas propostas -contradicindo a suposta uniformidade de linguaxe dentro do movemento moderno &#8211; podemos encontrar certos invariantes m\u00e1is conceptuais que formais.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un dos m\u00e1is interesantes supono a progresiva\u00a0\u201catomizaci\u00f3n\u201d do edificio escolar, que encontra na organizaci\u00f3n de <em>pavill\u00f3ns independentes<\/em> unha forma ideal de composici\u00f3n espacial, afastada da rixidez monumental do edificio escolar tradicional. Esta disposici\u00f3n aparece pola necesidade de obter a maior superficie de fachada posible e a posibilidade de xogar coa diferente orientaci\u00f3n de cada espazo, segundo as s\u00faas necesidades de iluminaci\u00f3n e ventilaci\u00f3n, e chegar\u00e1 ao seu desenvolvemento m\u00e1is elaborado na Sede da Bauhaus, en Dessau, proxectado en 1925 por Walter Gropius.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39126\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39126\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39126\" title=\"may\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39126\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Escola Bornheimer. Frankfurt. Arq. Ernst May, 1927 | Fonte: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podemos encontrar exemplos na disposici\u00f3n en forma de peite, cos patios individuais de cada aula orientados ao Leste, buscando a iluminaci\u00f3n matinal das clases, dun edificio como a Escola Bornheimer, de Ernst May (1927) ou na sorprendente plataforma voada do patio da PeterSchule, de Hannes Meyer e Hans Wittmer (1926). Ambos os dous edificios, m\u00e1is al\u00e1 da busca dunha linguaxe formal moderna, responden sen d\u00fabida \u00e1 adopci\u00f3n de conceptos de m\u00e1ximo aproveitamento da iluminaci\u00f3n e de disposici\u00f3n de espazos para xogo ao aire libre, tan b\u00e1sico nas nosas escolas actuais, pero tan revolucionario para estes primeiros anos do s\u00e9culo XX.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39127\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39127\" title=\"peterschule\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">PeterSchule, Basilea. Arq. Meyer e Wittwer, 1927 | Fonte: CURTIS, William. La arquitectura moderna desde 1900.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O desenvolvemento \u00faltimo da optimizaci\u00f3n de iluminaci\u00f3n e ventilaci\u00f3n leva \u00e1 proposta de modelos de <em>Escola ao aire libre<\/em>, que se converter\u00e1 nun modelo recorrente, especialmente no Pa\u00edses Baixos. O exemplo m\u00e1is caracter\u00edstico deste tipo de realizaci\u00f3n encontr\u00e1molo no dese\u00f1o de Jan Duiker para \u00c1msterdam. A Escola est\u00e1 situada nun patio de parcela e disp\u00f3n as s\u00faas aulas nas diagonais dunha planta cadrada, alternadas cunha terraza aberta a orientaci\u00f3n sur, que permite a comunicaci\u00f3n directa coas aulas. A situaci\u00f3n do n\u00facleo de comunicaci\u00f3ns no centro da composici\u00f3n permite liberar completamente as fachadas para obter unha superficie m\u00e1xima de iluminaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39128\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39128\" title=\"duiker-plan\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan-300x165.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Escola o aire libre. Amsterdam. Arq. Jan Duiker. Planta tipo e imaxe de \u00e9poca | Fontes: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula e <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/functionmag.tumblr.com\/post\/52238532558\/open-air-school-amsterdam-netherlands-jan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumblr<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Raquel Mart\u00ednez e Alberto Ruiz<br \/>\narquitectos, docentes e investigadores<br \/>\nMadrid. abril 2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Monograf\u00edas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GARCIA PABLOS, Rodolfo. <em>Construcciones Escolares. Curso organizado por el gobierno espa\u00f1ol como colaboraci\u00f3n al proyecto principal de la UNESCO<\/em>. Madrid: Direcci\u00f3n General de Ense\u00f1anza Primaria, 1962<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LANDROVE, Susana, ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/34GaGu6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Equipamientos I. Lugares p\u00fablicos y nuevos programas, 1925-1965. Registro DoCoMoMo Ib\u00e9rico<\/em><\/a>. Barcelona: Fundaci\u00f3n Caja de Arquitectos: Fundaci\u00f3n DOCOMOMO ib\u00e9rico, 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/31jrbdB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La arquitectura del aula. Nuevas escuelas madrile\u00f1as, 1868-1968<\/a><\/em><em>.<\/em> Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. \u00c1rea de las Artes, 2007<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>A.C. Documentos de Actividad Contempor\u00e1nea<\/em>. n\u00ba 9. Primer trimestre de 1933. Barcelona Madrid San Sebasti\u00e1n: G.A.T.E.P.A.C. (Grupo de Arquitectos y T\u00e9cnicos Espa\u00f1oles para el Progreso de la Arquitectura Contempor\u00e1nea), 1931-1937<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Recursos en l\u00ednea:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O Blogue de Stepien e Barno. <em>La ense\u00f1anza seg\u00fan Louis Kahn [en l\u00ednea] <\/em>Abril de 2010 [Consulta en xullo de 2012] Disponible en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stepienybarno.es\/blog\/2010\/04\/26\/la-ensenanza-segun-louis-kahn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ALVES GON\u00c7ALVES, Polyanna. <em>Herman Hertzberger. <\/em><em>Edificios Escolares<\/em> [en l\u00ednea]. Outubro de 2009 2010 [Consulta en xullo de 2012] Disponible en <a href=\"http:\/\/hertzbergertca.blogspot.com.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/<\/a>[:en]<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-ii-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>New educational spaces to the heat of the modern movement and the new pedagogic expositions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The irruption of the modern movement in the architectural European panorama produced the first examples of school typology really evolved. The certain thing is that the building of social court was in few occasions a central topic of the modern, great movement more centred on the development of the housing, but some of the premises of his search of a new architectural language for the new company of the 20th century were applied of direct form to the new educational spaces. The access of some with these architects to charges of responsibility in the town halls &#8211; specially in Germany and the Low Countries &#8211; helped also on that the municipal labor of promotion of the public school was accompanied of new pedagogic expositions. Willem Dudok&#8217;s works, at the head of the town hall of Hilversum, Ernst May in Frankfurt, or Dark and Max Taut, in Berlin, they suppose the first attempts of definition of school modern buildings of public promotion. In spite of the differences in exposition of these offers &#8211; contradicting the supposed uniformity of language inside the modern movement &#8211; we can find certain unvariants more conceptual than formal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the most interesting it supposes the progressive \u201catomization\u201d of the school building, which finds in the organization of <em>independent pavilions<\/em> an ideal form of spatial composition, removed from the monumental inflexibility of the school traditional building. This disposition appears for the need to obtain the major surface of possible front and the possibility of playing with the different orientation of every space, according to his needs of lighting and ventilation, and it will come to his development more elaborated in the Headquarters of the Bauhaus, in Dessau, projected in 1925 by Walter Gropius..<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39126\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39126\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39126\" title=\"may\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/may-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39126\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Bornheimer School. Frankfurt. Arq. Ernst May, 1927 | Source: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We can find examples in the disposition in the shape of comb, with the individual courts of every classroom orientated in the eastern part, looking for the morning lighting of the classes, of a building as the School Bornheimer, of Ernst May (1927) or in the surprising platform demolished of the court of the PeterSchule, of Hannes Meyer and Hans Wittmer (1926). Both buildings, beyond the search of a formal modern language, answer undoubtedly to the adoption of concepts of maximum utilization of the lighting and of disposition of spaces for outdoors, so basic game in our current schools, but so revolutionary for these first years of the 20th century.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39127\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39127\" title=\"peterschule\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/peterschule-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">PeterSchule, Basilea. Arq. Meyer y Wittwer, 1927 | Source: CURTIS, William. La arquitectura moderna desde 1900.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The last development of the optimization of lighting and ventilation takes to the model offer of <em>School outdoors<\/em>, that appellant will turn into a model, specially in the Netherlands. The example most typical of this type of accomplishment we find it in Jan Duiker&#8217;s design for \u00c1msterdam. The School is placed in a court of plot and arranges his classrooms in the diagonals of a square plant, alternated with a terrace opened for south orientation, which allows the direct communication with the classrooms. The situation of the core of communications in the center of the composition allows to liberate completely the fronts to obtain a maximum surface of lighting.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39128\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39128\" title=\"duiker-plan\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/duiker-plan-300x165.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">School outdoors. Amsterdam. Arq. Jan Duiker. It plants type and image of epoch\u00a0| Sources: BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. La arquitectura del aula and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/functionmag.tumblr.com\/post\/52238532558\/open-air-school-amsterdam-netherlands-jan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumblr<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Raquel Mart\u00ednez and Alberto Ruiz<\/p>\n<p>architects, teachers and investigators<\/p>\n<p>Madrid. april 2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Monographs:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GARCIA PABLOS, Rodolfo. <em>Construcciones Escolares. Curso organizado por el gobierno espa\u00f1ol como colaboraci\u00f3n al proyecto principal de la UNESCO<\/em>. Madrid: Direcci\u00f3n General de Ense\u00f1anza Primaria, 1962<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LANDROVE, Susana, ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/34GaGu6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Equipamientos I. Lugares p\u00fablicos y nuevos programas, 1925-1965. Registro DoCoMoMo Ib\u00e9rico<\/em><\/a>. Barcelona: Fundaci\u00f3n Caja de Arquitectos: Fundaci\u00f3n DOCOMOMO ib\u00e9rico, 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BURGOS RUIZ, Francisco. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/31jrbdB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La arquitectura del aula. Nuevas escuelas madrile\u00f1as, 1868-1968<\/a><\/em><em>.<\/em> Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid. \u00c1rea de las Artes, 2007<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>A.C. Documentos de Actividad Contempor\u00e1nea<\/em>. n\u00ba 9. Primer trimestre de 1933. Barcelona Madrid San Sebasti\u00e1n: G.A.T.E.P.A.C. (Grupo de Arquitectos y T\u00e9cnicos Espa\u00f1oles para el Progreso de la Arquitectura Contempor\u00e1nea), 1931-1937<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Resources on line:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stepien y Barno\u00b4s blog. <em>La ense\u00f1anza seg\u00fan Louis Kahn [on line]\u00a0<\/em>April, 2010 [It Consults in July, 2012] Available in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stepienybarno.es\/blog\/2010\/04\/26\/la-ensenanza-segun-louis-kahn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ALVES GON\u00c7ALVES, Polyanna. <em>Herman Hertzberger. <\/em><em>Edificios Escolares<\/em> [on line].\u00a0October, 2009, 2010 [It Consults in July, 2012] Available in <a href=\"http:\/\/hertzbergertca.blogspot.com.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">web<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/\">https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/espacios-para-aprender-arquitectura-y-docencia-iv-raquel-martinez-alberto-ruiz\/<\/a>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Nuevos espacios educativos al calor del movimiento moderno y los nuevos planteamientos pedag\u00f3gicos. La irrupci\u00f3n del movimiento moderno en el panorama arquitect\u00f3nico europeo produjo los primeros ejemplos de tipolog\u00eda escolar realmente evolucionados. Lo cierto es que el edificio de corte social fue en pocas ocasiones un tema central del movimiento moderno, mucho m\u00e1s centrado [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":39127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[568,5951],"tags":[6471,9992,3553,5825,12448,6553,2913,147,9993,199,9999,338,7337,458,1576,12443,4497,8094,510,1787,5885,13403,625,4931,9998,2371,4284,4659,3104,10000,898,9997,9501,14269,4444,1241,12473,14268,1319,3615,10345],"class_list":["post-39091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-faro","category-slider-principal","tag-agnieszka-stepien","tag-alberto-ruiz-colmenar","tag-amsterdam","tag-aprender","tag-arquitectura","tag-arquitectura-alemana","tag-arquitectura-holandesa","tag-arquitectura-moderna","tag-aula","tag-bauhaus","tag-bruno-julius-florian-taut","tag-colegio","tag-dessau","tag-educacion","tag-ensenanza","tag-equipamiento-docente","tag-ernst-may","tag-escuela-de-arquitectura","tag-espacio","tag-europa","tag-expresionismo","tag-francisco-burgos-ruiz","tag-gatepac","tag-hannes-meyer","tag-hans-wittwer","tag-herman-hertzberger","tag-jan-duiker","tag-lorenzo-barno","tag-louis-i-kahn","tag-max-taut","tag-movimiento-moderno","tag-polyanna-alves-goncalves","tag-raquel-martinez-gutierrez","tag-rodolfo-garcia-pablos-gonzalez-quijano","tag-s-xx","tag-sociedad","tag-stepienybarno","tag-susana-landrove-bossut","tag-unesco","tag-walter-gropius","tag-willem-marinus-dudok"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Espacios para aprender. 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