{"id":29217,"date":"2013-03-11T06:26:25","date_gmt":"2013-03-11T06:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=29217"},"modified":"2023-12-13T19:20:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T18:20:16","slug":"la-identidad-para-recuperar-un-paisaje-energetico-obsoleto-arnau-tinena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/la-identidad-para-recuperar-un-paisaje-energetico-obsoleto-arnau-tinena\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]La identidad para recuperar un paisaje energ\u00e9tico obsoleto | Arnau Ti\u00f1ena[:gl]A identidade para recuperar unha paisaxe energ\u00e9tico obsoleto | Arnau Ti\u00f1ena[:en]The identity to recover an energetic obsolete landscape | Arnau Ti\u00f1ena[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]<\/p>\n

La identidad para recuperar un paisaje energ\u00e9tico obsoleto.<\/strong>
\n El nacimiento de un plan para dinamizar el Blackstone River Valley.<\/strong><\/h5>\n
1. Un valle colonizado<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Hiladoras de algod\u00f3n trabajando r\u00edtmicamente, el sonido del agua girando las ruedas de los molinos, el humo de las chimeneas de las primeras f\u00e1bricas en Pawtucket, el silbato del ferrocarril cargado de g\u00e9nero llegando al puerto de Providence, miles de inmigrantes reci\u00e9n llegados con la esperanza de ganarse la vida\u2026<\/p>\n

\"Mapa<\/a>
Mapa de New England y la desembocadura del r\u00edo Blackstone por Providence<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La cuenca fluvial del r\u00edo Blackstone, de 1400m\u00b2 de extensi\u00f3n y situada en la costa este de los Estados Unidos, se extiende a lo largo de 46 millas entre Worcester (Massachusetts), donde nace, y Providence (Rhode Island) donde desemboca, y cuenta con una poblaci\u00f3n de 1.000.000 de habitantes. Este eje fluvial de gran riqueza natural experiment\u00f3 una transformaci\u00f3n sin precedentes con la llegada de emprendedores ingleses dispuestos a explotar los recursos naturales de los r\u00edos americanos a finales del siglo XVIII, tal y como hab\u00edan empezado a hacer en Inglaterra algunos a\u00f1os antes.<\/p>\n

El tranquilo valle del r\u00edo Blackstone, habitado por indios nativos semin\u00f3madas dedicados a la plantaci\u00f3n de cereal, a la caza y a la pesca, y por una incipiente colonizaci\u00f3n inglesa que viv\u00eda en granjas dispersas desde mitad del siglo XVII, experiment\u00f3 cambios estructurales en el paisaje y en la vida de sus habitantes con la llegada de la era industrial, inaugurada con la puesta en funcionamiento del Slater Mill en Pawtucket\u00a0 Rhode Island, en 1790, considerada la primera f\u00e1brica textil de New England y del continente americano.<\/p>\n

Al espectacular patrimonio natural<\/a> del valle se superpuso un rico y variado sistema de piezas industriales estrat\u00e9gicamente repartidas a lo largo del r\u00edo, un patrimonio industrial formado por colonias textiles habitadas por inmigrantes procedentes de Inglaterra, Irlanda, Canad\u00e1, Polonia, Suecia o Portugal, presas, esclusas, canales, una l\u00ednea de ferrocarril inaugurada en 1835 y el desarrollo de un importante puerto en Providence, que en pocos a\u00f1os cambi\u00f3 profundamente la fisonom\u00eda del valle e hizo de este territorio un paisaje productivo de primer orden, el coraz\u00f3n y la cuna de la revoluci\u00f3n industrial textil americana, que funcion\u00f3 a pleno rendimiento hasta mitad del siglo XIX.<\/p>\n

\"Nacimiento<\/a>
Nacimiento del r\u00edo Blackstone, Worcester. Massachussets. | Desembocadura del Blackstone, Puerto de Providence,Rhode Island, 1858<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Con el cese de la actividad industrial las colonias se abandonaron, el valle se hab\u00eda despoblado y entr\u00f3 en un periodo de olvido e inactividad. A\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde surgi\u00f3 la necesidad de reconsiderar el papel de este antiguo eje productivo obsoleto desde una perspectiva bien distinta: reprogramar la infraestructura industrial con fines educativos y sociales para recuperar el sentido y la memoria del valle, combinado con la protecci\u00f3n y la promoci\u00f3n de su patrimonio natural para atraer nuevas inversiones y redinamizar nuevamente el territorio.<\/p>\n

2. El patrimonio industrial como valor. La identidad como motor<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Fueron las entidades locales plenamente identificadas con el territorio, hacia 1970, quienes impulsaron a partir de peque\u00f1as iniciativas los programas de conservaci\u00f3n, restauraci\u00f3n y reutilizaci\u00f3n de todo este legado cultural que m\u00e1s tarde se institucionalizar\u00eda en forma de plan, mediante la voluntad de interpretar y elaborar un discurso narrativo coherente de la historia de la regi\u00f3n para intentar explicar de manera unitaria un fen\u00f3meno que se hab\u00eda desarrollado de manera fragmentada.<\/p>\n

La participaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n local fue decisiva para la elaboraci\u00f3n de estos programas, actuando en forma de colectivos y asociaciones de vecinos voluntarios que colaboraron desinteresadamente en la limpieza de los caminos, accesos, o de los bosques.<\/p>\n

La identificaci\u00f3n y el aprecio por un territorio que sent\u00edan como suyo fue su principal factor de motivaci\u00f3n a partir del cual se empez\u00f3 a pensar en la posibilidad de elaborar un plan de conservaci\u00f3n para todo el valle, con dos estados y veinte municipios implicados.<\/p>\n

Hablar de un plan para recuperar y revitalizar el Blackstone River Valley era entender este corredor natural como una entidad, como una narraci\u00f3n compleja y diversa pero unitaria, que hablara a la vez de naturaleza y patrimonio industrial, de pasado y de futuro, de historia y de un paisaje vivo y din\u00e1mico, una narraci\u00f3n cohesionada que diera sentido a todo el sistema.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
The Whitin Machine Works. F\u00e1brica textil que dio origen a Whitinsville. Worcester.\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

El primer paso para la creaci\u00f3n del plan fue crear un sentimiento de identidad de los habitantes del valle y poner en valor y dar a conocer la importancia de los edificios industriales del territorio y su importante contribuci\u00f3n al progreso del pa\u00eds y del impresionante patrimonio natural del valle mediante programas educativos y de cooperaci\u00f3n destinados sobre todo a los ni\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El patrimonio en juego era muy relevante, las colonias industriales no s\u00f3lo estaban formadas por f\u00e1bricas, sino que se fueron desarrollando hasta constituirse como comunidades independientes formadas por las viviendas de los trabajadores, tiendas, escuelas o iglesias que funcionaban como microciudades, peque\u00f1os ecosistemas con multitud de oportunidades. En cada comunidad hab\u00eda todo lo necesario para vivir y cubr\u00eda desde las necesidades m\u00e1s b\u00e1sicas hasta las m\u00e1s complejas como la ense\u00f1anza, la cultura, el entretenimiento. No s\u00f3lo se trataba de preservar y reprogramar arquitectura, tambi\u00e9n formaba parte del plan cambiar la forma de habitar el territorio: En las colonias se fomentaban las relaciones sociales con fiestas y acontecimientos variados para que los trabajadores que viv\u00edan en cada una de las colonias se sent\u00edan part\u00edcipes de un mismo objetivo, las diferentes f\u00e1bricas compet\u00edan entre ellas y la gente se identificaba con su proyecto, no exist\u00eda una idea de vinculaci\u00f3n con el territorio, s\u00f3lo con su f\u00e1brica.<\/p>\n

A la vez, hab\u00eda que abandonar la idea de que el Blackstone era un r\u00edo industrial sucio y contaminado, cambiar la imagen negativa de las f\u00e1bricas abandonadas para reimpulsar la actividad econ\u00f3mica, social y cultural del territorio.<\/p>\n

\"Patrimonio<\/a>
Patrimonio Industrial. Slater Mill, Pawtucket y Ashton Mill, Cumberland<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
3. Un discurso coherente. National Heritage Corridor<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n

Las primeras iniciativas institucionales de conservaci\u00f3n llegaron desde los diferentes gobiernos de la regi\u00f3n, que trabajaban por separado sin todav\u00eda una visi\u00f3n global del corredor fluvial. A finales de los a\u00f1os setenta, el gobierno de Rhode Island y el de Massachusetts proyectaban parques patrimoniales independientes.<\/p>\n

Debido a la necesidad de recibir financiaci\u00f3n para poder llevar a cabo los planes de conservaci\u00f3n, las diferentes entidades locales y estatales organizaron un movimiento para obtener reconocimiento nacional.<\/p>\n

El a\u00f1o 1983, fruto de los esfuerzos de los gobiernos de Rhode Island y Massachusetts y de las diferentes comunidades del valle, se consigui\u00f3 que el Congreso pidiera al National Park Service apoyo para desarrollar un sistema de parques patrimoniales a lo largo del r\u00edo Blackstone.<\/p>\n

El NPS no consider\u00f3 oportuna la designaci\u00f3n del valle como Parque Nacional, pero apoy\u00f3 el reconocimiento del corredor como National Heritage Corridor en 1986, reconociendo su alto valor patrimonial, que pasaba a ser gestionado por representantes locales y estatales de los dos estados con la colaboraci\u00f3n del National Park Service.<\/p>\n

Con esta designaci\u00f3n se iniciaba el proceso de entender el valle como un eje unitario con el cual poder identificarse, donde varias entidades de diferentes estados y municipios empezaban a trabajar sin\u00e9rgicamente con un \u00fanico objetivo en com\u00fan: poder explicar su historia de manera coherente y homog\u00e9nea.<\/p>\n

\"Patrimonio<\/a>
Patrimonio Natural. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

De este modo, el valle del r\u00edo Blackstone se pod\u00eda narrar de manera m\u00e1s eficaz y atractiva de cara al turismo y en los programas educativos y recreativos previstos. Hab\u00eda que reforzar el sentido de comunidad para lograr una conciencia m\u00e1s profunda del patrimonio cultural propio que hiciera abrir los ojos a los habitantes del valle sobre la importancia del corredor en la historia de la naci\u00f3n, promoviendo el orgullo y el entusiasmo de todo el mundo que habita en este territorio.<\/p>\n

4. Estrategia de Planeamiento. Narrar la historia, dinamizar el territorio<\/strong><\/h6>\n

La estrategia de planeamiento del valle del r\u00edo Blackstone por parte de la comisi\u00f3n del Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor en colaboraci\u00f3n con la experiencia del National Park Service se bas\u00f3 en dos pilares b\u00e1sicos, que son fundamentalmente los que hab\u00eda seguido esta \u00faltima instituci\u00f3n en experiencias anteriores.<\/p>\n

Por un lado se trataba de preservar y dar a conocer el patrimonio natural y cultural del valle y, en segundo lugar, intentar dinamizar e impulsar el territorio transformando el concepto econ\u00f3mico de la regi\u00f3n: de una econom\u00eda productiva industrial, a una econom\u00eda de la educaci\u00f3n, del ocio y del turismo.<\/p>\n

Desgranando los objetivos, el plan identifica seis prioridades: educaci\u00f3n e interpretaci\u00f3n, desarrollo de las actividades recreativas, conservaci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica y cultural de los habitantes, preservaci\u00f3n de la historia del valle y desarrollo econ\u00f3mico del corredor y organizaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n del suelo.<\/p>\n

\"Sectores<\/a>
Sectores de planeamiento del Blackstone River Valley<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Se trata pues de una estrategia que pretende explicar la historia del territorio donde naci\u00f3 la revoluci\u00f3n industrial americana mediante la reconversi\u00f3n del patrimonio industrial en centros educativos o centros de visitantes y la elaboraci\u00f3n de una narraci\u00f3n continua de la historia de la revoluci\u00f3n industrial a lo largo del valle, pero sobre todo, y esto es lo que podr\u00eda diferenciar los planes europeos de los americanos, aprovechar la fuerza de esta plataforma patrimonial para hacer de este eje fluvial un espacio atractivo y activo para el turismo, con iniciativas m\u00e1s o menos cuidadosas, sacando el m\u00e1ximo beneficio de la diversidad y generosidad biol\u00f3gica de la regi\u00f3n para atraer puestos de trabajo y visitantes al territorio.<\/p>\n

El objetivo era, y es tambi\u00e9n actualmente, transmitir la idea de que el valle del r\u00edo Blackstone es un paisaje vivo que ha sabido interpretar su pasado para proyectarse al futuro, no s\u00f3lo un pasado glorioso congelado, un museo est\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

5. Un plan colectivo ambicioso con recursos limitados<\/strong><\/h6>\n

El plan del Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor era un plan en que diferentes municipios, asociaciones y gobiernos estatales trabajaron conjuntamente con un objetivo com\u00fan muy ambicioso, pero, a la vez, con muy pocos recursos y un presupuesto muy limitado. Estas limitaciones han puesto de manifiesto la dificultad de poner en marcha y coordinar un proyecto de una extensi\u00f3n tan grande y con tantos agentes diferentes involucrados. Se trataba de un plan muy dise\u00f1ado y muy completo, con objetivos ambiciosos de educaci\u00f3n, preservaci\u00f3n y dinamizaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica del territorio. Las dificultades aparecieron a la hora de poner en pr\u00e1ctica las bondades del planeamiento.<\/p>\n

Hoy en d\u00eda el territorio todav\u00eda no ha sido entendido ni f\u00edsicamente ni conceptualmente, en la pr\u00e1ctica, como una unidad. El v\u00ednculo entre las zonas de mayor importancia identificadas a lo largo del r\u00edo es d\u00e9bil, no existe una continuidad f\u00edsica que permita entender el Corredor del r\u00edo Blackstone como una unidad. Las infraestructuras que deber\u00edan conectar los diferentes nodos son insuficientes, de momento, y no se crea un sentido de identidad, una imagen homog\u00e9nea como Heritage Corridor.<\/p>\n

Afortunadamente, se trata de un problema solucionable. Las bases para el desarrollo est\u00e1n muy fundamentadas, el plan es extenso y atento al por menor.<\/p>\n

Gracias a los esfuerzos de particulares, asociaciones an\u00f3nimas y, m\u00e1s tarde, a la colaboraci\u00f3n de las autoridades el Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor ha convencido a las comunidades locales y ha generado un fuerte sentido de identidad. Este renacimiento del aprecio por el territorio ayudar\u00e1 a llevar a cabo las iniciativas de conservaci\u00f3n del patrimonio natural y cultural del valle.<\/p>\n

\"Patrimonio<\/a>
Patrimonio Natural. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Este sentimiento es el que realmente contiene la semilla del \u00e9xito del Plan, que se ir\u00e1 completando despacio a medida que se inyecten los recursos necesarios, siguiendo las estrategias de priorizaci\u00f3n y focalizaci\u00f3n especificadas.<\/p>\n

El plan del Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor es un ejemplo de trabajo comunitario de participaci\u00f3n ciudadana, involucrando a los habitantes del valle en la gesti\u00f3n de sus recursos, priorizando los intereses colectivos por encima de los individuales, un plan exitoso que se desarrolla poco a poco con el objetivo de mejorar la vida de las personas y la conservaci\u00f3n del territorio, un territorio que, si continua con este plan de desarrollo, pronto ser\u00e1 reconocido como Parque Nacional.<\/p>\n

Arnau Ti\u00f1ena Ramos \u00b7 Autor del blog translacions.blogspot.com<\/em>
\nBarcelona, marzo 2013<\/p>\n

Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/h6>\n

– Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan for the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island 1989.
\n– The Next Ten Years. An Amendment to the Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 1998.
\n– Designing the Llobregat Corridor. Cultural Landscape and Regional Development. Proyectando el eje del Llobregat. Paisaje cultural y desarrollo regional. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya y Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Barcelona, 2001.
\n– Making Things Work. V\u00eddeo editado por el Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission.
\n– Building the National Parks. Historic Landscape Design and Construction. Versi\u00f3n ampliada y actualizada del libro Presenting nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service, 1916 to 1942. Linda Flint McClelland. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland, 1998.<\/p>\n

[:en]<\/p>\n

The identity to recover an energetic obsolete landscape.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The birth of a plan to stir into action the Blackstone River Valley.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. A colonized valley.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spinning of cotton working rhythmically, the sound of the water turning the wheels of the mills, the smoke of the chimneys of the first factories in Pawtucket, the whistle of the railroad loaded with kind coming to Providence’s port, thousands of immigrant newcomers with the hope to the life be gained \u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
New England’s map and the river mouth of the river Blackstone for Providence<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The fluvial basin of the river Blackstone, of 1400m\u00b2 of extension and placed on the east coast of the United States, spreads along 46 miles between Worcester (Massachusetts), where it is born, and Providence (Rhode Island) where it ends, and possesses a population of 1.000.000 of inhabitants. This fluvial axis of great natural wealth experienced a transformation without precedents with the arrival of English entrepreneurs ready to exploit the natural resources of the American rivers at the end of the 18th century, as they had started doing in England some years before.<\/p>\n

The calm valley of the river Blackstone, lived by native Indians seminomads dedicated to the plantation of cereal, to the hunt and to the fishing, and for an incipient English settling that was living in dispersed farms from half of the 17th century, experienced structural changes in the landscape and in the life of his inhabitants with the arrival of the industrial age, inaugurated with the putting in functioning of the Slater Mill in Pawtucket Rhode Island, in 1790, considered the first textile factory of New England and of the American continent.<\/p>\n

To the spectacular natural heritage of the valley there was superposed a rich and varied system of industrial pieces strategically distributed along the river, an industrial heritage formed by textile colonies lived by immigrants proceeding from England, Ireland, Canada, Poland, Sweden or Portugal, dams, sluices, channels, a railroad line inaugurated in 1835 and the development of an important port in Providence, which in a few years changed deeply the physiognomy of the valley and did of this territory a productive landscape of the first order, the heart and the cradle of the industrial textile American revolution, which worked to full performance up to half of the 19th century.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Spring of the river Blackstone, Worcester. Massachussets. | River mouth of the Blackstone, Port of Providence, Rhode Island, 1858<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

With the cessation of the industrial activity the colonies gave up, the valley had become depopulated and it entered a period of oblivion and stagnation. Years later there arose the need to reconsider the paper of this former productive obsolete axis from a different well perspective: to reschedule the industrial infrastructure with educational and social ends to recover the sense and the memory of the valley, combined with the protection and the promotion of his natural heritage to attract new investments and to re-stir the territory into action again.<\/p>\n

2. The industrial heritage like value. The identity like engine.<\/strong><\/p>\n

They were the local authorities fullly identified with the territory, about 1970, who stimulated from small initiatives the programs of conservation, restoration and reutilization of all this cultural legacy that later would become institutionalized in the shape of plan, by means of the will to interpret and elaborate a narrative coherent speech of the history of the region to try to explain in an unitary way a phenomenon that had developed in a fragmented way.<\/p>\n

The participation of the local population was decisive for the production of these programs, acting in the shape of groups and associations of voluntary neighbors who collaborated disinterestedly in the cleanliness of the ways, accesses, or of the forests.<\/p>\n

The identification and the appreciation for a territory that they were feeling since his was his principal factor of motivation from which it was started thinking about the possibility of elaborating a plan of conservation for the whole valley, with two conditions and twenty implied municipalities.<\/p>\n

To speak about a plan to recover and to revitalize the Blackstone River Valley was to understand this natural corridor as an entity, as a complex and diverse but unitary story, which he was speaking simultaneously about nature and industrial heritage, about past and about future, about history and about an alive and dynamic landscape, a united story that was giving sense to the whole system.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Whitin Machine Works. Textile factory that gave origin to Whitinsville. Worcester. MA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The first step for the creation of the plan was to create a feeling identity of the inhabitants of the valley and to put in value and to announce the importance of the industrial buildings of the territory and his important contribution to the progress of the country and of the impressive natural heritage of the valley by means of educational programs and of cooperation destined especially to the children.<\/p>\n

The heritage in game was very relevant, the industrial colonies not only were formed by factories, but they were developing up to be constituting as independent communities formed by the housings of the workers, shops, schools or churches that were working as microcities, small ecosystems with multitude of opportunities. In every community there was everything necessary to live and was covering from the most basic needs up to the most complex as the education, the culture, the entertainment. Not only it was a question of preserving and reschedule architecture, also it was forming a part of the plan to change the way of living the territory: In the colonies the social relations were promoted by holidays and varied events in order that the workers who were living in each of the colonies were feeling participants of the same aim, the different factories were competing between them and the people were identifying with his project, an idea of entail did not exist with the territory, only with his factory.<\/p>\n

Simultaneously, it was necessary to leave the idea of that the Blackstone was an industrial dirty and contaminated river, to change the negative image of the factories left to re-stimulate the economic, social and cultural activity of the territory.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Industrial heritage. Slater Mill, Pawtucket and Ashton Mill, Cumberland<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3. A coherent speech. National Heritage Corridor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The first institutional initiatives of conservation came from the different governments of the region, which were working separately without still a global vision of the fluvial corridor. At the end of the seventies, the government of Rhode Island and that of Massachusetts they were projecting patrimonial independent parks.<\/p>\n

Due to the need to receive financing to be able to carry out the plans of conservation, the different local and state authorities organized a movement to obtain national recognition.<\/p>\n

The year 1983, fruit of the efforts of the governments of Rhode Island and Massachusetts and of the different communities of the valley, obtained that the Congress was asking the National Park Service I rest to develop a system of patrimonial parks along the river Blackstone.<\/p>\n

The NPS did not consider the designation of the valley to be opportune as National Park, but it supported the recognition of the corridor as National Heritage Corridor in 1986, recognizing his high patrimonial value, which was happening to be managed by local and state representatives of both conditions by the collaboration of the National Park Service.<\/p>\n

With this designation there was beginning the process of understanding the valley as an unitary axis with which to be able to be identified, where you change entities of different conditions and municipalities they were starting working sin\u00e9rgicamente with an only aim jointly: to be able to explain his history of a coherent and homogeneous way.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Natural heritage. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Thus, the valley of the river Blackstone could be narrated in a more effective and attractive way with a view to the tourism and in the educational and recreative foreseen programs. It was necessary to reinforce the sense of community to achieve a deeper conscience of the cultural own heritage that was making open the eyes the inhabitants of the valley on the importance of the corridor in the history of the nation, promoting the pride and the enthusiasm of the whole world that he lives in this territory.<\/p>\n

4. Strategy of Planning. To narrate the history, to stir the territory into action<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0The strategy of planning of the valley of the river Blackstone on the part of the commission of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor in collaboration with the experience of the National Park Service based on two basic props, which are fundamentally those that the latter institution had followed in previous experiences.<\/p>\n

On the one hand it was a question of preserving and announce the natural and cultural heritage of the valley and, secondly, trying to stir into action and of stimulating the territory transforming the economic concept of the region: of a productive industrial economy, to an economy of the education, of the leisure and of the tourism.<\/p>\n

Peeling the aims, the plan identifies six priorities: education and interpretation, development of the recreative activities, ethnic and cultural conservation of the inhabitants, preservation of the history of the valley and economic development of the corridor and organization and management of the soil.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Sectors of planning of the Blackstone River Valley<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It is a question so of a strategy that it tries to explain the history of the territory where there was born the industrial American revolution by means of the restructuring of the industrial heritage in educational centers or visitors’ centers and the production of a story to continue of the history of the industrial revolution along the valley, but especially, and this is what might differentiate the European plans of the Americans, take advantage of the force of this patrimonial platform to do of this fluvial axis an attractive and active space for the tourism, with more or less careful initiatives, extracting the maximum benefit of the diversity and biological generosity of the region to attract working places and visitors to the territory.<\/p>\n

The aim was, and it is also nowadays, to transmit the idea of that the valley of the river Blackstone is an alive landscape that has could interpret his past to be projected to the future, not only a glorious frozen past, a static museum.<\/p>\n

5- A collective ambitious plan with limited resources.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The plan of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor was a plan at which different municipalities, associations and state governments were employed together with a common very ambitious aim, but, simultaneously, with few resources and a very limited budget. These limitations have revealed the difficulty of starting and coordinating a project of such a big extension and with so many different involved agents. It was a question of a very designed and very complete plan, with ambitious aims of education, preservation and economic dynamization of the territory. The difficulties appeared at the moment of putting into practice the kindness of the planning.<\/p>\n

Nowadays the territory still has not been understood not physically not conceptual, in the practice, as a unit. The link between the zones of major importance identified along the river is weak, there does not exist a physical continuity that allows to understand the Corridor of the river Blackstone as a unit. The infrastructures that should connect the different nodes are insufficient, at the moment, and a sense of identity is not created, a homogeneous image as Heritage Corridor.<\/p>\n

Lucky, it is a question of a problem solucionable. The bases for the development are very based, the plan is extensive and attentive retail.<\/p>\n

Thanks to the efforts of individuals, anonymous associations and, later, to the collaboration of the authorities the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor has convinced to the local communities and has generated a fort felt of identity. This renaissance of the appreciation for the territory will help to carry out the initiatives of conservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the valley.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Natural heritage. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This feeling is the one that really contains the seed of the success of the Plan, which will be completed slow as the necessary resources are injected, following the strategies of priorizaci\u00f3n and focusing specified.<\/p>\n

The plan of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor is an example of community work of civil participation, involving the inhabitants of the valley in the management of his resources, prioritizing the collective interests over the individuals, a successful plan that develops little by little with the aim to improve the life of the persons and the conservation of the territory, a territory that, if it continues with this plan of development, soon will be recognized as National Park.<\/p>\n

Arnau Ti\u00f1ena Ramos \u00b7 Author of the blog translacions.blogspot.com<\/em><\/p>\n

Barcelona, march 2013<\/p>\n

Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan for the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island 1989.<\/p>\n

– The Next Ten Years. An Amendment to the Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 1998.<\/p>\n

– Designing the Llobregat Corridor. Cultural Landscape and Regional Development. Proyectando el eje del Llobregat. Paisaje cultural y desarrollo regional. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya y Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Barcelona, 2001.<\/p>\n

– Making Things Work. V\u00eddeo editado por el Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission.<\/p>\n

– Building the National Parks. Historic Landscape Design and Construction. Versi\u00f3n ampliada y actualizada del libro Presenting nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service, 1916 to 1942. Linda Flint McClelland. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland, 1998.<\/p>\n

[:gl]<\/p>\n

A identidade para recuperar unha paisaxe energ\u00e9tico obsoleto.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O nacemento dun plan para dinamizar o Blackstone River Valley.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Un val colonizado.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hiladoras de algod\u00f3n traballando r\u00edtmicamente, o son da auga virando as rodas dos mui\u00f1s, o fume das chemineas das primeiras f\u00e1bricas en Pawtucket, o silbato do ferrocarril cargado de x\u00e9nero chegando ao porto de Providence, miles de inmigrantes recentemente chegados coa esperanza de ga\u00f1arse a vida\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa de New England e a desembocadura do r\u00edo Blackstone por Providence<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A cuenca fluvial do r\u00edo Blackstone, de 1400m\u00b2 de extensi\u00f3n e situada na costa este de os Estados Unidos, est\u00e9ndese ao longo de 46 millas entre Worcester (Massachusetts), onde nace, e Providence (Rhode Island) onde desemboca, e conta cunha poboaci\u00f3n de 1.000.000 de habitantes. Este eixo fluvial de gran riqueza natural experimentou unha transformaci\u00f3n sen precedentes coa chegada de emprendedores ingleses dispostos a explotar os recursos naturais dos r\u00edos americanos a finais do s\u00e9culo XVIII, tal e como empezaran a facer en Inglaterra alg\u00fans anos antes.<\/p>\n

O tranquilo val do r\u00edo Blackstone, habitado por indios nativos semin\u00f3madas dedicados \u00e1 plantaci\u00f3n de cereal, \u00e1 caza e \u00e1 pesca, e por unha incipiente colonizaci\u00f3n inglesa que viv\u00eda en granjas dispersas desde metade do s\u00e9culo XVII, experimentou cambios estructurales na paisaxe e na vida dos seus habitantes coa chegada de \u00e9raa industrial, inaugurada coa posta en funcionamento do Slater Mill en Pawtucket Rhode Island, en 1790, considerada a primeira f\u00e1brica textil de New England e do continente americano.<\/p>\n

Ao espectacular patrimonio natural do val se superp\u00faxose un rico e variado sistema de pezas industriais estrat\u00e9xicamente repartidas ao longo do r\u00edo, un patrimonio industrial formado por colonias textis habitadas por inmigrantes procedentes de Inglaterra, Irlanda, Canad\u00e1, Polonia, Suecia ou Portugal, presas, esclusas, canles, unha li\u00f1a de ferrocarril inaugurada en 1835 e o desenvolvemento dun importante porto en Providence, que en poucos anos cambiou profundamente a fisonom\u00eda do val e fixo deste territorio unha paisaxe produtiva de primeira orde, o coraz\u00f3n e o berce da revoluci\u00f3n industrial textil americana, que funcionou a pleno rendemento ata metade do s\u00e9culo XIX.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Nacemento do r\u00edo Blackstone, Worcester. Massachussets. | Desembocadura do Blackstone, Porto de Providence,Rhode Island, 1858<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Co cese da actividade industrial as colonias abandon\u00e1ronse, o val hab\u00edase despoboado e entrou nun periodo de esquecemento e inactividad. Anos m\u00e1is tarde xurdiu a necesidade de reconsiderar o papel deste antigo eixo produtivo obsoleto dende unha perspectiva ben distinta: reprogramar a infraestructura industrial con fins educativos e sociais para recuperar o sentido e a memoria do val, combinado coa protecci\u00f3n e a promoci\u00f3n do seu patrimonio natural para atraer novos investimentos e redinamizar novamente o territorio.<\/p>\n

2. O patrimonio industrial como valor. A identidad como motor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foron as entidades locais plenamente identificadas co territorio, cara a 1970, quen impulsaron a partir de pequenas iniciativas os programas de conservaci\u00f3n, restauraci\u00f3n e reutilizaci\u00f3n de todo este legado cultural que m\u00e1is tarde se institucionalizar\u00eda en forma de plan, mediante a vontade de interpretar e elaborar un discurso narrativo coherente da historia da rexi\u00f3n para intentar explicar de xeito unitaria un fen\u00f3meno que se desenvolveu de xeito fragmentado.<\/p>\n

A participaci\u00f3n da poboaci\u00f3n local foi decisiva para a elaboraci\u00f3n destes programas, actuando en forma de colectivos e asociaci\u00f3ns de veci\u00f1os voluntarios que colaboraron desinteresadamente na limpeza dos cami\u00f1os, accesos, ou dos bosques.<\/p>\n

A identificaci\u00f3n e o aprecio por un territorio que sent\u00edan como seu foi o seu principal factor de motivaci\u00f3n a partir do cal empezouse a pensar na posibilidade de elaborar un plan de conservaci\u00f3n para todo o val, con dous estados e vinte municipios implicados.<\/p>\n

Falar dun plan para recuperar e revitalizar o Blackstone River Valley era entender este corredor natural como unha entidade, como unha narraci\u00f3n complexa e diversa pero unitaria, que falase \u00e1 vez de natureza e patrimonio industrial, de pasado e de futuro, de historia e dunha paisaxe viva e din\u00e1mica, unha narraci\u00f3n cohesionada que dese sentido a todo o sistema.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Whitin Machine Works. F\u00e1brica textil que deu orixe a Whitinsville. Worcester. MA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O primeiro paso para a creaci\u00f3n do plan foi crear un sentimento de identidade dos habitantes do val e po\u00f1er en valor e dar a co\u00f1ecer a importancia dos edificios industriais do territorio e a s\u00faa importante contribuci\u00f3n ao progreso do pa\u00eds e do impresionante patrimonio natural do val mediante programas educativos e de cooperaci\u00f3n destinados sobre todo aos nenos.<\/p>\n

O patrimonio en xogo era moi relevante, as colonias industriais non s\u00f3 estaban formadas por f\u00e1bricas, sen\u00f3n que se foron desenvolvendo ata constitu\u00edrse como comunidades independentes formadas polas vivendas dos traballadores, tendas, escolas ou igrexas que funcionaban como microciudades, pequenos ecosistemas con multitude de oportunidades. En cada comunidade hab\u00eda todo o necesario para vivir e cubr\u00eda desde as necesidades m\u00e1is b\u00e1sicas ata as m\u00e1is complexas como o ensino, a cultura, o entretenimento. Non s\u00f3 se trataba de preservar e reprogramar arquitectura, tam\u00e9n formaba parte do plan cambiar a forma de habitar o territorio: Nas colonias foment\u00e1banse as relaci\u00f3ns sociais con festas e acontecementos variados para que os traballadores que viv\u00edan en cada unha das colonias sent\u00edanse part\u00edcipes dun mesmo obxectivo, as diferentes f\u00e1bricas compet\u00edan entre elas e a xente identific\u00e1base co seu proxecto, non exist\u00eda unha idea de vinculaci\u00f3n co territorio, s\u00f3 coa s\u00faa f\u00e1brica.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 vez, hab\u00eda que abandonar a idea de que o Blackstone era un r\u00edo industrial sucio e contaminado, cambiar a imaxe negativa das f\u00e1bricas abandoadas para reimpulsar a actividade econ\u00f3mica, social e cultural do territorio.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Patrimonio Industrial. Slater Mill, Pawtucket e Ashton Mill, Cumberland<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3. Un discurso coherente. National Heritage Corridor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

As primeiras iniciativas institucionais de conservaci\u00f3n chegaron dende os diferentes gobernos da rexi\u00f3n, que traballaban por separado sen a\u00ednda unha visi\u00f3n global do corredor fluvial. A finais dos anos setenta, o goberno de Rhode Island e o de Massachusetts proxectaban parques patrimoniales independentes.<\/p>\n

Debido \u00e1 necesidade de recibir financiamento para poder levar a cabo os plans de conservaci\u00f3n, as diferentes entidades locais e estatais organizaron un movemento para obter reco\u00f1ecemento nacional.<\/p>\n

O ano 1983, froito dos esforzos dos gobernos de Rhode Island e Massachusetts e das diferentes comunidades do val, conseguiuse que o Congreso pedise ao National Park Service apoio para desenvolver un sistema de parques patrimoniales ao longo do r\u00edo Blackstone.<\/p>\n

O NPS non considerou oportuna a designaci\u00f3n do val como Parque Nacional, pero apoiou o reco\u00f1ecemento do corredor como National Heritage Corridor en 1986, reco\u00f1ecendo o seu alto valor patrimonial, que pasaba a ser xestionado por representantes locais e estatais dos dous estados coa colaboraci\u00f3n do National Park Service.<\/p>\n

Con esta designaci\u00f3n inici\u00e1base o proceso de entender o val como un eixo unitario co cal poder identificarse, onde varias entidades de diferentes estados e municipios empezaban a traballar sin\u00e9rxicamente cun \u00fanico obxectivo en com\u00fan: poder explicar a s\u00faa historia de xeito coherente e homox\u00e9nea.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Patrimonio Natural. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Deste xeito, o val do r\u00edo Blackstone pod\u00edase narrar de xeito m\u00e1is eficaz e atractiva de facer o turismo e nos programas educativos e recreativos previstos. Hab\u00eda que reforzar o sentido de comunidade para lograr unha conciencia m\u00e1is profunda do patrimonio cultural propio que fixese abrir os ollos aos habitantes do val sobre a importancia do corredor na historia da naci\u00f3n, promoviendo o orgullo e o entusiasmo de todo o mundo que habita neste territorio.<\/p>\n

4. Estratexia de Planeamento. Narrar a historia, dinamizar o territorio<\/strong><\/p>\n

A estratexia de achaiadura do val do r\u00edo Blackstone por parte da comisi\u00f3n do Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor en colaboraci\u00f3n coa experiencia do National Park Service baseouse en dous alicerces b\u00e1sicos, que son fundamentalmente os que seguira esta \u00faltima instituci\u00f3n en experiencias anteriores.<\/p>\n

Por unha banda trat\u00e1base de preservar e dar a co\u00f1ecer o patrimonio natural e cultural do val e, en segundo lugar, intentar dinamizar e impulsar o territorio transformando o concepto econ\u00f3mico da rexi\u00f3n: dunha econom\u00eda produtiva industrial, a unha econom\u00eda da educaci\u00f3n, do lecer e do turismo.<\/p>\n

Desgranando os obxectivos, o plan identifica seis prioridades: educaci\u00f3n e interpretaci\u00f3n, desenvolvemento das actividades recreativas, conservaci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica e cultural dos habitantes, preservaci\u00f3n da historia do val e desenvolvemento econ\u00f3mico do corredor e organizaci\u00f3n e xesti\u00f3n do chan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Sectores de planeamento do Blackstone River Valley<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u00e1tase pois dunha estratexia que pretende explicar a historia do territorio onde naceu a revoluci\u00f3n industrial americana mediante a reconversi\u00f3n do patrimonio industrial en centros educativos ou centros de visitantes e a elaboraci\u00f3n dunha narraci\u00f3n continua da historia da revoluci\u00f3n industrial ao longo do val, pero sobre todo, e isto \u00e9 o que poder\u00eda diferenciar os plans europeos dos americanos, aproveitar a forza desta plataforma patrimonial para facer deste eixe fluvial un espazo atractivo e activo para o turismo, con iniciativas m\u00e1is ou menos coidadosas, sacando o m\u00e1ximo beneficio da diversidad e xenerosidade biol\u00f3xica da rexi\u00f3n para atraer postos de traballo e visitantes ao territorio.<\/p>\n

O obxectivo era, e \u00e9 tam\u00e9n actualmente, transmitir a idea de que o val do r\u00edo Blackstone \u00e9 unha paisaxe viva que soubo interpretar o seu pasado para proxectarse ao futuro, non s\u00f3 un pasado glorioso conxelado, un museo est\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

5- Un plan colectivo ambicioso con recursos limitados.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O plan do Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor era un plan en que diferentes municipios, asociaci\u00f3ns e gobernos estatais traballaron conjuntamente cun obxectivo com\u00fan moi ambicioso, pero, \u00e1 vez, con moi poucos recursos e un orzamento moi limitado. Estas limitaci\u00f3ns puxeron de manifesto a dificultade de po\u00f1er en marcha e coordinar un proxecto dunha extensi\u00f3n tan grande e con tantos axentes diferentes involucrados. Trat\u00e1base dun plan moi dese\u00f1ado e moi completo, con obxectivos ambiciosos de educaci\u00f3n, preservaci\u00f3n e dinamizaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica do territorio. As dificultades apareceron \u00e1 hora de po\u00f1er en pr\u00e1ctica as bondades da achaiadura.<\/p>\n

Hoxe en d\u00eda o territorio a\u00ednda non foi entendido nin f\u00edsicamente nin conceptualmente, na pr\u00e1ctica, como unha unidade. O v\u00ednculo entre as zonas de maior importancia identificadas ao longo do r\u00edo \u00e9 d\u00e9bil, non existe unha continuidade f\u00edsica que permita entender o Corredor do r\u00edo Blackstone como unha unidade. As infraestructuras que deber\u00edan conectar os diferentes nodos son insuficientes, de momento, e non se crea un sentido de identidade, unha imaxe homog\u00e9nea como Heritage Corridor.<\/p>\n

Afortunadamente, tr\u00e1tase dun problema solucionable. As bases para o desenvolvemento est\u00e1n moi fundamentadas, o plan \u00e9 extenso e atento polo mi\u00fado.<\/p>\n

Grazas aos esforzos de particulares, asociaci\u00f3ns an\u00f3nimas e, m\u00e1is tarde, \u00e1 colaboraci\u00f3n das autoridades o Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor convenceu \u00e1s comunidades locais e xerou un forte sentido de identidade. Este renacimento do aprecio polo territorio axudar\u00e1 a levar a cabo as iniciativas de conservaci\u00f3n do patrimonio natural e cultural do val.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Patrimonio Natural. Sutton. Massachussets<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Este sentimento \u00e9 o que realmente cont\u00e9n a semente do \u00e9xito do Plan, que se ir\u00e1 completando amodo a medida que se inxecten os recursos necesarios, seguindo as estratexias de priorizaci\u00f3n e focalizaci\u00f3n especificadas.<\/p>\n

O plan do Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor \u00e9 un exemplo de traballo comunitario de participaci\u00f3n cidad\u00e1, involucrando aos habitantes do val na xesti\u00f3n dos seus recursos, priorizando os intereses colectivos por encima dos individuais, un plan exitoso que se desenvolve aos poucos co obxectivo de mellorar a vida das persoas e a conservaci\u00f3n do territorio, un territorio que, si continua con este plan de desenvolvemento, pronto ser\u00e1 reco\u00f1ecido como Parque Nacional.<\/p>\n

Arnau Ti\u00f1ena Ramos \u00b7 Autor do blog translacions.blogspot.com<\/em><\/p>\n

Barcelona, marzo 2013<\/p>\n

Bibliograf\u00eda.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan for the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island 1989.<\/p>\n

– The Next Ten Years. An Amendment to the Cultural Heritage and Land Management Plan. Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission. Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 1998.<\/p>\n

– Designing the Llobregat Corridor. Cultural Landscape and Regional Development. Proyectando el eje del Llobregat. Paisaje cultural y desarrollo regional. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya y Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Barcelona, 2001.<\/p>\n

– Making Things Work. V\u00eddeo editado por el Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Comission.<\/p>\n

– Building the National Parks. Historic Landscape Design and Construction. Versi\u00f3n ampliada y actualizada del libro Presenting nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service, 1916 to 1942. Linda Flint McClelland. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland, 1998.<\/p>\n

[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:es] La identidad para recuperar un paisaje energ\u00e9tico obsoleto. El nacimiento de un plan para dinamizar el Blackstone River Valley. 1. Un valle colonizado Hiladoras de algod\u00f3n trabajando r\u00edtmicamente, el sonido del agua girando las ruedas de los molinos, el humo de las chimeneas de las primeras f\u00e1bricas en Pawtucket, el silbato del ferrocarril cargado […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":29319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[4436,6474,6956,3002,2314,2072,977,12463,1005,1150,1174,1286,12468,2503],"class_list":["post-29217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-arnau-tinena","tag-articulo","tag-blackstone-river-valley","tag-identidad","tag-massachusetts","tag-motor","tag-paisaje","tag-patrimonio","tag-patrimonio-industrial","tag-recuperacion","tag-revitalizacion","tag-territorio","tag-urbanismo","tag-valor"],"yoast_head":"\nLa identidad para recuperar un paisaje 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