{"id":22463,"date":"2018-03-05T00:02:21","date_gmt":"2018-03-04T23:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=22463"},"modified":"2018-10-02T21:06:52","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T19:06:52","slug":"historia-universal-de-la-infamia-iii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-iii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]Historia Universal de la Infamia [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:gl]Historia Universal da Infamia [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:en]Universal history of the Turpitude [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Finalizo la trilog\u00eda (<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-i-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">I<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">II<\/a>) que promet\u00ed, no porque no haya muchas m\u00e1s infamias, sino porque creo que vale con una de cada uno de los tres grandes. Y remato la serie con alivio, porque no est\u00e1 bien contar tantos trapos sucios.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66189\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-66189\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org \" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/mies-van-der-rohe\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mies van der Rohe<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0se le ha acusado a menudo de haber sido demasiado d\u00f3cil con los nazis. Esto tiene matices discutibles, pero mucha relaci\u00f3n con la que yo considero su verdadera infamia, as\u00ed que empezar\u00e9 por ah\u00ed. A <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/walter-gropius\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Walter Gropius<\/strong><\/a> le sucedi\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/hannes-meyer\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hannes Meyer <\/strong><\/a>en la direcci\u00f3n de la <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/bauhaus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bauhaus<\/strong><\/a>. Si la escuela, libre y vanguardista, hab\u00eda sido siempre m\u00e1s bien de izquierdas, bajo la direcci\u00f3n de Meyer lo fue ya decididamente. En pleno apogeo de los nazis, Hannes Meyer radicaliz\u00f3 la ideolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica de la Bauhaus hasta l\u00edmites intolerables por aquellos. En 1930 le expulsaron, y no estaban seguros a\u00fan de cerrar la Bauhaus. Mies les convenci\u00f3 de alguna manera de que la escuela se pod\u00eda \u00abreconducir\u00bb y serle \u00fatil al Reich.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(En esa delicada relaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n los elementos m\u00e1s criticables, en el sentido de que Mies traicion\u00f3 a la Bauhaus y se la entreg\u00f3 a los nazis, pero tambi\u00e9n se puede hacer otra lectura y defender que \u00e9l hizo todo lo posible por salvarla, y que la negociaci\u00f3n con los nazis era inevitable. Yo, hasta ah\u00ed, le doy a Mies el beneficio de la duda).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una vez defenestrado Meyer, Mies fue nombrado director. Lo primero que hizo fue una criba feroz de alumnos y profesores, hasta erradicar la ideolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica de la Bauhaus. Mies era apol\u00edtico, y m\u00e1s en esos tiempos. (\u00abApol\u00edtico\u00bb puede entenderse en este contexto como \u00abm\u00e1s bien de derechas\u00bb, pero tibio y sin ganas de l\u00edos).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Algunos profesores no esperaron a que les despidieran, y dimitieron. Muchos alumnos se amotinaron, y fueron expulsados. Mejor dicho: Mies fue mucho m\u00e1s radical. Expuls\u00f3 absolutamente a todos los alumnos, y posteriormente abri\u00f3 un per\u00edodo de matr\u00edcula en el que examin\u00f3 personal y concienzudamente a cada aspirante, para asegurarse de que las tonter\u00edas izquierdistas se hab\u00edan terminado para siempre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies contrat\u00f3 a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/lilly-reich\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Lilly Reich<\/b><\/a>\u00a0como profesora de\u00a0<i>Interiorismo y Decoraci\u00f3n<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La hab\u00eda conocido en 1924, y le hab\u00eda impresionado profundamente (tanto que al poco tiempo abandon\u00f3 a su mujer y a sus tres hijas por ella). Lilly hab\u00eda comenzado su carrera como dise\u00f1adora de moda, donde aprendi\u00f3 a valorar materiales, texturas, colores&#8230; lo que le sirvi\u00f3 de mucho para pasarse posteriormente al dise\u00f1o de muebles y al acondicionamiento de espacios.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Mies, siempre tan consciente y tan amante de los materiales, pero a\u00fan anclado a los tradicionales, le ense\u00f1\u00f3 a valorar los tejidos, el vidrio, el acero, etc. Inmediatamente empezaron a trabajar juntos. Lilly le lanz\u00f3 al dise\u00f1o de muebles, y fue fundamental en proyectos tan fant\u00e1sticos como el Pabell\u00f3n de Barcelona o la casa Tugendhat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero, aparte de lo que Lilly le aport\u00f3 a Mies en el campo de la arquitectura, en lo personal le hizo reconsiderar su vida y su futuro. Se supone que vivieron una t\u00f3rrida historia de amor, pero el \u00fanico testimonio gr\u00e1fico es este, que muy t\u00f3rrido, lo que se dice muy t\u00f3rrido, no parece. Vamos, que no es como para derretirse de emoci\u00f3n. (No conozco -y jurar\u00eda que no existe- ninguna otra fotograf\u00eda en que aparezcan los dos).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66190\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66190\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich y Mies van der Rohe\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich y Mies van der Rohe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vida personal, vida profesional, incertidumbre ante el futuro&#8230; A\u00f1os convulsos (que dir\u00eda un cl\u00e1sico).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/philip-johnson\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Philip Johnson<\/b><\/a>\u00a0(que era filonazi, y en ese momento lo era mucha gente) en 1933 escribi\u00f3 con entusiasmo que Mies ten\u00eda que ser el arquitecto del Tercer Reich. En ese momento\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitler\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Hitler<\/b><\/a>\u00a0a\u00fan no conoc\u00eda a\u00a0<b><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/albert-speer\/\" target=\"_blank\">Albert Speer<\/a>\u00a0<\/b>(estaba empezando a ver algunas cosas suyas). \u00bfOs imagin\u00e1is si le hubiera hecho caso a Johnson? \u00bfOs imagin\u00e1is si alguien le hubiera presentado en ese momento a Mies? La vida y la casualidad tienen estas cosas, y Mies estaba dispuesto a todo, y seguro que habr\u00eda celebrado con entusiasmo ser el arquitecto del r\u00e9gimen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los nazis a\u00fan no sab\u00edan qu\u00e9 quer\u00edan en materia de arte y de arquitectura, pero pronto se vio que la vanguardia no les gustaba nada, y la Bauhaus no dur\u00f3 ni siquiera bajo la direcci\u00f3n servil de Mies. A Hitler, que era un artista aficionado sin talento, sin cultura y sin imaginaci\u00f3n, y que hab\u00eda querido ser arquitecto pero no ten\u00eda ninguna aptitud, le tiraba lo clasicote-mazacote, y la h\u00e1bil elegancia de Speer con el neoclasicismo le acab\u00f3 de definir arquitect\u00f3nicamente. (Pero Mies era un gran admirador de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/karl-friedrich-schinkel\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Schinkel<\/b><\/a>, y habr\u00eda sido perfectamente capaz de traicionar la l\u00ednea moderna y ejercer el neoclasicismo sin inmutarse).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies no se march\u00f3 corriendo a Am\u00e9rica, como Gropius, porque mantuvo las esperanzas de un futuro con los nazis. Su comportamiento a este respecto hoy se ve rid\u00edculo e incluso bochornoso, pero hay que comprender que en esos momentos la mayor\u00eda de la gente pensaba que era posible vivir y medrar con los nazis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies hizo muchos y variados esfuerzos por conciliarse con la pol\u00edtica art\u00edstica del Reich, con encajar en ella. Pero los nazis eran contradictorios y brutales: Por una parte les interesaba la funcionalidad, la eficacia y la monumentalidad con tintes modernos, pero por otra quer\u00edan un renacimiento nacionalista simb\u00f3lico y enf\u00e1tico. Los esfuerzos de Mies nos lo muestran ahora como un bobo o, todav\u00eda peor, como un cobarde.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por aquella \u00e9poca su vida parec\u00eda no correr peligro, pero tampoco ten\u00eda encargos, ni daba clases, ni nada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al poco tiempo, le llamaron de Am\u00e9rica y, ahora s\u00ed, se agarr\u00f3 a la oportunidad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tras un carteo que dur\u00f3 casi todo el a\u00f1o 1936, en el que se le ofrec\u00eda una c\u00e1tedra para finalmente perderla por los pelos, en 1937 el matrimonio Resor le encarg\u00f3 una casa de verano en Wyoming y, sobre todo, le invit\u00f3 a EE.UU. justo cuando Alemania ol\u00eda ya a p\u00f3lvora de una manera insoportable. Mies hizo las maletas a toda velocidad y se march\u00f3 corriendo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A su mujer y a sus hijas ya las hab\u00eda abandonado hac\u00eda tiempo, pero estas eran ya mayores y podr\u00edan hacerse cargo de su madre. En cuanto a Lilly Reich, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 se march\u00f3 sin ella? La dej\u00f3 en Alemania, en medio del peligro, sola, enamorada de \u00e9l.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En Am\u00e9rica vio otro mundo. Hab\u00eda paz y tranquilidad. La gente le respetaba, le quer\u00edan hacer encargos y ten\u00eda un par de universidades para elegir c\u00e1tedra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En abril de 1938 volvi\u00f3 a Alemania para arreglar r\u00e1pidamente algunas cosas y volverse al para\u00edso, y se encontr\u00f3 con que los nazis ya se hab\u00edan aclarado: Juzgaban toda la vanguardia como arte degenerado y la relacionaban con el juda\u00edsmo y el comunismo. S\u00ed, le recordaban, y tambi\u00e9n le emparentaban con los jud\u00edos y los comunistas de la extinta Bauhaus. Mies se dio cuenta de que se hab\u00eda metido en la trampa y de que se la estaba jugando, y de que tal vez no pudiera volver ya a Am\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En agosto, antes de volver, ten\u00eda que pasar por la comisar\u00eda de polic\u00eda para recoger su pasaporte (que hab\u00eda entregado previamente) con su visado de emigraci\u00f3n. Le dio tanto miedo que le estuvieran esperando para detenerle que mand\u00f3 a un amigo. Este recogi\u00f3 el pasaporte, pero cuando lleg\u00f3 a la casa de Mies para d\u00e1rselo se lo encontr\u00f3 muerto de miedo, ante dos oficiales de la Gestapo que le estaban interrogando y se lo iban a llevar precisamente por estar sin pasaporte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Afortunadamente, se pudo aclarar la cosa, y los oficiales de la Gestapo dieron por bueno el visado y le dejaron.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naturalmente, con el pasaporte visado en el bolsillo, Mies se fue otra vez a Am\u00e9rica corriendo, dejando todo atr\u00e1s, sin conocer a nadie. S\u00e1lvese el que pueda. Sus mujeres se quedaban en el infierno.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66191\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66191\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg\" alt=\"Historia Universal de la Infamia [III] Lilly Reich o2\" width=\"640\" height=\"841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich, con grandes trabajos, se ocup\u00f3 de ir al estudio abandonado de Mies y rescatar los dibujos y los papeles, y clasificarlos y ordenarlos meticulosamente. (Gracias a ella hoy existe el archivo de Mies). Tambi\u00e9n luch\u00f3 por defender los derechos de sus muebles (que se pirateaban mucho), y de conseguir cobrar algo de dinero que llevaba a la esposa de Mies. Luch\u00f3 por defender todo lo de Mies, mientras este, en Am\u00e9rica, se olvidaba de ella. Una llamada desde all\u00ed podr\u00eda haberla salvado, podr\u00eda haberla llevado tambi\u00e9n a ella a la salvaci\u00f3n, pero Mies no quer\u00eda estar atado a nadie. No quer\u00eda que nadie le molestara.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al a\u00f1o siguiente, en la nochevieja de 1939, conoci\u00f3 a Lora Marx, de quien se enamor\u00f3. Nunca vivi\u00f3 con ella. Mies no soportaba ya vivir con nadie. Viv\u00eda solo, en una habitaci\u00f3n de hotel, con sus cuadros debajo de la cama. Le gustaba encontrarse con Lora, pero que luego se fuera a su casa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies vivi\u00f3 como un rey mientras que su esposa y Lilly pasaban hambre y miedo, en el horrible Berl\u00edn de la guerra mundial. No hizo nada por ayudarlas. (Tampoco pod\u00eda enviarles dinero ni comida tal como estaba la cosa).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich pas\u00f3 la guerra trabajando como pudo. Los nazis estaban interesados en la prefabricaci\u00f3n y en la estandarizaci\u00f3n, que enlazaba con el esp\u00edritu <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/ernst-neufert\/\" target=\"_blank\">Neufert<\/a><\/strong> de la Bauhaus y con la Werkbund, y ella pudo trabajar precaria y an\u00f3nimamente en trabajos rutinarios de modulaci\u00f3n m\u00e9trica, intentando ser \u00fatil y cumplir su deber. Cuid\u00f3 siempre del legado de Mies y luch\u00f3 con gran fuerza y valent\u00eda. Poco despu\u00e9s de acabada la guerra, con Berl\u00edn destruido y la moral hundida, muri\u00f3 de c\u00e1ncer en 1947, enamorada a\u00fan y siempre de Mies van der Rohe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La esposa de Mies, Ada, con todos sus esfuerzos y penurias, fue capaz de ocultar a unos jud\u00edos en su peque\u00f1o apartamento durante una temporada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Todas fueron hero\u00ednas.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66193\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-66193\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(Si durante todo mi relato hab\u00e9is pensado que era tendencioso y sesgado, y, pese a todo, hab\u00e9is intentado ser comprensivos con Mies, mirad su actitud y la de Lora Marx, y, sobre todo, mirad el fondo de la foto con mucha atenci\u00f3n. Infamia).\" width=\"640\" height=\"736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg 891w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">(Si durante todo mi relato hab\u00e9is pensado que era tendencioso y sesgado, y, pese a todo, hab\u00e9is intentado ser comprensivos con Mies, mirad su actitud y la de Lora Marx, y, sobre todo, mirad el fondo de la foto con mucha atenci\u00f3n. Infamia).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nDoctor Arquitecto y autor de<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7\u00a0mayo 2012<\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>[:gl]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Historia Universal da Infamia [II] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Finalizo a trilox\u00eda (<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-i-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">I<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">II<\/a>)\u00a0que promet\u00edn, non porque non haxa moitas m\u00e1is infamias, sen\u00f3n porque creo que vale cunha de cada un dos tres grandes. E remato a serie con alivio, porque non est\u00e1 ben contar tantos trapos sucios.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66189\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-66189\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org \" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/mies-van-der-rohe\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mies van der Rohe<\/strong><\/a> acus\u00f3uselle a mi\u00fado de ser demasiado d\u00f3cil cos nazis. Isto ten matices discutibles, pero moita relaci\u00f3n coa que eu considero a s\u00faa verdadeira infamia, as\u00ed que empezarei por a\u00ed. A <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/walter-gropius\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Walter Gropius<\/strong><\/a> sucedeulle <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/hannes-meyer\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hannes Meyer\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>na direcci\u00f3n da <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/bauhaus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bauhaus<\/strong><\/a>. Si a escola, libre e vanguardista, fora sempre m\u00e1is ben de esquerdas, baixo a direcci\u00f3n de Meyer foino xa decididamente. En pleno apoxeo dos nazis, Hannes Meyer radicalizou a ideolox\u00eda pol\u00edtica da Bauhaus ata l\u00edmites intolerables por aqueles. En 1930 expuls\u00e1ronlle, e non estaban seguros a\u00ednda de pechar a Bauhaus. Mies convenceulles dalg\u00fan xeito de que a escola pod\u00edase \u00abreconducir\u00bb e serlle \u00fatil ao Reich.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Nesa delicada relaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n os elementos m\u00e1is criticables, no sentido de que Mies traizoou \u00e1 Bauhaus e entregoulla aos nazis, pero tam\u00e9n se pode facer outra lectura e defender que el fixo todo o posible por salvala, e que a negociaci\u00f3n cos nazis era inevitable. Eu, ata a\u00ed, doulle a Mies o beneficio da d\u00fabida).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unha vez defenestrado Meyer, Mies foi nomeado director. O primeiro que fixo foi unha criba feroz de alumnos e profesores, ata erradicar a ideolox\u00eda pol\u00edtica da Bauhaus. Mies era apol\u00edtico, e m\u00e1is neses tempos. (\u00abApol\u00edtico\u00bb pode entenderse neste contexto como \u00abm\u00e1is ben de dereitas\u00bb, pero morno e sen ganas de leas).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alg\u00fans profesores non esperaron a que lles despedisen, e dimitiron. Moitos alumnos se amotinaron, e foron expulsados. Mellor devandito: Mies foi moito m\u00e1is radical. Expulsou absolutamente a todos os alumnos, e posteriormente abriu un per\u00edodo de matr\u00edcula no que examinou persoal e concienzudamente a cada aspirante, para asegurarse de que as bobadas esquerdistas termin\u00e1ronse para sempre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies contratou a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/lilly-reich\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Lilly Reich<\/b><\/a>\u00a0como profesora de <em>Interiorismo e Decoraci\u00f3n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Co\u00f1ec\u00e9raa en 1924, e impresion\u00e1balle profundamente (tanto que ao pouco tempo abandonou \u00e1 s\u00faa muller e \u00e1s s\u00faas tres fillas por ela). Lilly comezara a s\u00faa carreira como dese\u00f1adora de moda, onde aprendeu a valorar materiais, texturas, cores&#8230; o que lle serviu de moito para pasarse posteriormente ao dese\u00f1o de mobles e ao acondicionamento de espazos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Mies, sempre tan consciente e tan amante dos materiais, pero a\u00ednda ancorado aos tradicionais, ensinoulle a valorar os tecidos, o vidro, o aceiro, etc. Inmediatamente empezaron a traballar xuntos. Lilly lanzoulle ao dese\u00f1o de mobles, e foi fundamental en proxectos tan fant\u00e1sticos como o Pavill\u00f3n de Barcelona ou a casa Tugendhat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero, \u00e1 parte do que Lilly achegoulle a Mies no campo da arquitectura, no persoal f\u00edxolle reconsiderar a s\u00faa vida e o seu futuro. Suponse que viviron unha t\u00f3rrida historia de amor, pero o \u00fanico testemu\u00f1o gr\u00e1fico \u00e9 este, que moi t\u00f3rrido, o que se di moi t\u00f3rrido, non parece. Imos, que non \u00e9 como para derretirse de emoci\u00f3n. (Non co\u00f1ezo -e xurar\u00eda que non existe- ningunha outra fotograf\u00eda en que aparezan os dous).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66190\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66190\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich y Mies van der Rohe\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich\u00a0e Mies van der Rohe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vida persoal, vida profesional, incerteza ante o futuro&#8230; Anos convulsos (que dir\u00eda un cl\u00e1sico).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/philip-johnson\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Philip Johnson<\/b><\/a>\u00a0(que era filonazi, e nese momento o era moita xente) en 1933 escribiu con entusiasmo que Mies ti\u00f1a que ser o arquitecto do Terceiro Reich. Nese momento <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitler\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Hitler<\/b><\/a> a\u00ednda non co\u00f1ec\u00eda a <b><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/gl\/tag\/albert-speer\/\" target=\"_blank\">Albert Speer<\/a><\/b> (estaba a empezar a ver algunhas cousas s\u00faas). Imaxin\u00e1desvos se lle fixese caso a Johnson? Imaxin\u00e1desvos se algu\u00e9n lle presentase nese momento a Mies? A vida e a casualidade te\u00f1en estas cousas, e Mies estaba disposto a todo, e seguro que celebrar\u00eda con entusiasmo ser o arquitecto do r\u00e9xime.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os nazis a\u00ednda non sab\u00edan que quer\u00edan en materia de arte e de arquitectura, pero pronto se viu que a vangarda non lles gustaba nada, e a Bauhaus non durou nin sequera baixo a direcci\u00f3n servil de Mies. A Hitler, que era un artista afeccionado sen talento, sen cultura e sen imaxinaci\u00f3n, e que quixera ser arquitecto pero non ti\u00f1a ningunha aptitude, tir\u00e1balle o clasicote-mazacote, e a h\u00e1bil elegancia de Speer co neoclasicismo acaboulle de definir arquitect\u00f3nicamente. (Pero Mies era un gran admirador de <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/karl-friedrich-schinkel\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Schinkel<\/b><\/a>, e ser\u00eda perfectamente capaz de traizoar a li\u00f1a moderna e exercer o neoclasicismo sen inmutarse).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los nazis a\u00fan no sab\u00edan qu\u00e9 quer\u00edan en materia de arte y de arquitectura, pero pronto se vio que la vanguardia no les gustaba nada, y la Bauhaus no dur\u00f3 ni siquiera bajo la direcci\u00f3n servil de Mies. A Hitler, que era un artista aficionado sin talento, sin cultura y sin imaginaci\u00f3n, y que hab\u00eda querido ser arquitecto pero no ten\u00eda ninguna aptitud, le tiraba lo clasicote-mazacote, y la h\u00e1bil elegancia de Speer con el neoclasicismo le acab\u00f3 de definir arquitect\u00f3nicamente. (Pero Mies era un gran admirador de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/karl-friedrich-schinkel\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Schinkel<\/b><\/a>, y habr\u00eda sido perfectamente capaz de traicionar la l\u00ednea moderna y ejercer el neoclasicismo sin inmutarse).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies non se marchou correndo a Am\u00e9rica, como Gropius, porque mantivo as esperanzas dun futuro cos nazis. O seu comportamento a este respecto hoxe vese rid\u00edculo e mesmo bochornoso, pero hai que comprender que neses momentos a maior\u00eda da xente pensaba que era posible vivir e medrar cos nazis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies fixo moitos e variados esforzos por conciliarse coa pol\u00edtica art\u00edstica do Reich, con encaixar nela. Pero os nazis eran contraditorios e brutais: Por unha banda interes\u00e1balles a funcionalidade, a eficacia e a monumentalidad con tinguiduras modernas, pero por outra quer\u00edan un renacemento nacionalista simb\u00f3lico e enf\u00e1tico. Os esforzos de Mies m\u00f3strannolo agora como un bobo ou, a\u00ednda peor, como un covarde.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por aquela \u00e9poca a s\u00faa vida parec\u00eda non correr perigo, pero tampouco ti\u00f1a encargos, nin daba clases, nin nada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ao pouco tempo, cham\u00e1ronlle de Am\u00e9rica e, agora si, agarrouse \u00e1 oportunidade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tras un carteo que durou case todo o ano 1936, no que se lle ofrec\u00eda unha c\u00e1tedra para finalmente perdela polos pelos, en 1937 o matrimonio Resor encargoulle unha casa de ver\u00e1n en Wyoming e, sobre todo, convidoulle a EE.UU. xusto cando Alema\u00f1a cheiraba xa a p\u00f3lvora dunha maneira insoportable. Mies fixo as maletas a toda velocidade e marchouse correndo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c1 s\u00faa muller e \u00e1s s\u00faas fillas xa as abandonaba fac\u00eda tempo, pero estas eran xa maiores e poder\u00edan facerse cargo da s\u00faa nai. En canto a Lilly Reich, por que se marchou sen ela? Deixouna en Alema\u00f1a, no medio do perigo, soa, namorada del.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En Am\u00e9rica viu outro mundo. Hab\u00eda paz e tranquilidade. A xente respect\u00e1balle, quer\u00edanlle facer encargos e ti\u00f1a un par de universidades para elixir c\u00e1tedra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En abril de 1938 volveu a Alema\u00f1a para arranxar rapidamente algunhas cousas e volverse ao para\u00edso, e atopouse con que os nazis xa se aclararon: Xulgaban toda a vangarda como arte degenerado e relacion\u00e1bana co xuda\u00edsmo e o comunismo. Si, lembr\u00e1banlle, e tam\u00e9n lle emparentaban cos xudeus e os comunistas da extinta Bauhaus. Mies deuse conta de que se meteu na trampa e de que lla estaba xogando, e de que talvez non puidese volver xa a Am\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En agosto, antes de volver, ti\u00f1a que pasar pola comisar\u00eda de polic\u00eda para recoller o seu pasaporte (que entregara previamente) co seu visado de emigraci\u00f3n. Deulle tanto medo que lle estivesen esperando para deterlle que mandou a un amigo. Leste recolleu o pasaporte, pero cando chegou \u00e1 casa de Mies para darllo atopoullo morto de medo, ante dous oficiais da Xestapo que lle estaban interrogando e \u00edanllo a levar precisamente por estar sen pasaporte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Afortunadamente, p\u00faidose aclarar a cousa, e os oficiais da Xestapo deron por bo o visado e deix\u00e1ronlle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naturalmente, co pasaporte visado no peto, Mies foise outra vez a Am\u00e9rica correndo, deixando todo atr\u00e1s, sen co\u00f1ecer a ningu\u00e9n. S\u00e1lvese o que poida. As s\u00faas mulleres quedaban no inferno.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66191\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66191\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg\" alt=\"Historia Universal de la Infamia [III] Lilly Reich o2\" width=\"640\" height=\"841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich, con grandes traballos, ocupouse de ir ao estudo abandonado de Mies e rescatar os debuxos e os papeis, e clasificalos e ordenalos meticulosamente. (Grazas a ela hoxe existe o arquivo de Mies). Tam\u00e9n loitou por defender os dereitos dos seus mobles (que se pirateaban moito), e de conseguir cobrar algo de di\u00f1eiro que levaba \u00e1 esposa de Mies. Loitou por defender todo o de Mies, mentres leste, en Am\u00e9rica, esquec\u00edase dela. Unha chamada desde al\u00ed poder\u00eda salvala, poder\u00eda levala tam\u00e9n a ela \u00e1 salvaci\u00f3n, pero Mies non quer\u00eda estar atado a ningu\u00e9n. Non quer\u00eda que ningu\u00e9n lle molestase.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ao ano seguinte, na noitevella de 1939, co\u00f1eceu a Lora Marx, de quen se namorou. Nunca viviu con ela. Mies non soportaba xa vivir con ningu\u00e9n. Viv\u00eda s\u00f3, nunha habitaci\u00f3n de hotel, cos seus cadros debaixo da cama. Gust\u00e1balle atoparse con Lora, pero que logo se fose \u00e1 s\u00faa casa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies viviu como un rei mentres que a s\u00faa esposa e Lilly pasaban fame e medo, no horrible Berl\u00edn da guerra mundial. Non fixo nada por axudalas. (Tampouco pod\u00eda enviarlles di\u00f1eiro nin comida tal como estaba a cousa).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich pasou a guerra traballando como puido. Os nazis estaban interesados na prefabricaci\u00f3n e na estandarizaci\u00f3n, que enlazaba co esp\u00edrito <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/ernst-neufert\/\" target=\"_blank\">Neufert<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0da Bauhaus e coa Werkbund, e ela puido traballar precaria e anonimamente en traballos rutineiros de modulaci\u00f3n m\u00e9trica, tentando ser \u00fatil e cumprir a s\u00faa deber. Coidou sempre do legado de Mies e loitou con gran forza e valent\u00eda. Pouco despois de acabada a guerra, con Berl\u00edn destru\u00eddo e a moral afundida, morreu de cancro en 1947, namorada a\u00ednda e sempre de Mies van der Rohe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A esposa de Mies, Ada, con todos os seus esforzos e penurias, foi capaz de ocultar a uns xudeus no seu pequeno apartamento durante unha tempada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Todas foron hero\u00ednas.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66193\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66193 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(Si durante todo mi relato hab\u00e9is pensado que era tendencioso y sesgado, y, pese a todo, hab\u00e9is intentado ser comprensivos con Mies, mirad su actitud y la de Lora Marx, y, sobre todo, mirad el fondo de la foto con mucha atenci\u00f3n. Infamia).\" width=\"640\" height=\"736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg 891w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">(Se durante todo o meu relato pensastes que era tendencioso e nesgado, e, a pesar de todo, tentastes ser comprensivos con Mies, mirade a s\u00faa actitude e a de Lora Marx, e, sobre todo, mirade o fondo da foto con moita atenci\u00f3n. Infamia).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nDoutor Arquitecto\u00a0e autor de<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7\u00a0maio 2012<\/p>\n<p>[:en]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Universal history of the Turpitude [II] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I finish the trilogy (<a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-i-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">I<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/\" target=\"_blank\">II<\/a>) that I promised, not because there should no be many any more turpitudes, but because I believe that it costs with one of each one of the three big ones. And I finish off the series with relief, because it is not nice to count so many dirty rags.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66189\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-66189\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org \" width=\"640\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-MoMA.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich (1885\u20131947) | Fuente: moma.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/mies-van-der-rohe\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mies van der Rohe<\/strong><\/a> one has accused him of having been often too docile with the Nazi. This has debatable shades, but many relation with which I consider his real turpitude, so I will begin thereabouts. <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/hannes-meyer\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hannes Meyer<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0happened to <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/walter-gropius\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Walter Gropius<\/strong><\/a> in the direction of the <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/bauhaus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bauhaus<\/strong><\/a>. If the school, free and ultramodern, had been always rather of left sides, under Meyer&#8217;s direction it it was already firmly. In full height of the Nazi, Hannes Meyer toughened the political ideology of the Bauhaus up to intolerable limits for those. In 1930 they expelled him, and they were not sure still of closing the Bauhaus. Grain convinced them somehow that the school could \u00abre-behave\u00bb and him to be useful to the Reich.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(In this delicate relation the most open to criticism elements are, to the effect that Grain betrayed the Bauhaus and she was delivered to the Nazi, but also another reading can make to him and defend that he did everything possible for saving it, and that the negotiation with the Nazi was inevitable. I, up to there, give him to Grain the benefit of the doubt).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once defenestrado Meyer, Grain he was nominated the director. The first thing that it did was a fierce sieve of pupils and teachers, up to eradicating the political ideology of the Bauhaus. Grain was apol\u00edtico, and more in these times. (\u00abApolitical\u00bb can understand in this context as \u00bb rather of rights \u00ab, but lukewarm and without desire of messes).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Some teachers did not hope that they were dismissing them, and resigned. Many pupils were stirred up, and were expelled. Rather: Grain was much more radical. He expelled absolutely all the pupils, and later it opened a period of matriculation in the one that examined personnel and concienzudamente to every aspirant, to insure itself that the leftist bilges had finished forever.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies\u00a0Mies contracted <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/lilly-reich\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Lilly Reich<\/b><\/a> as <em>Interiorismo&#8217;s teacher and Decoration<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It had known her in 1924, and had impressed him deeply (so much that to a little time left his wife and his three daughters for her). Lilly had begun his career as fashionable designer, where it learned to value materials, textures, colors &#8230; what used him as much to pass later to the design of furniture and to the conditioning space.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To\u00a0Mies, always so conscious and so lover of the materials, but still anchored to the traditional ones, taught him to value the fabrics, the glass, the steel, etc. Immediately they started working together. Lilly threw him to the design of furniture, and was fundamental in projects as fantastic as the Pavilion of Barcelona or the house Tugendhat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But, apart from what Lilly contributed him to Mies\u00a0in the field of the architecture, in the personal thing it made him reconsider his life and his future. It is supposed that they lived through a torrid history of love, but the only graphical testimony is this, that very torrid, which is said very torrid, it does not seem. We go, that is not like to melt of emotion. (I do not know &#8211; and he would swear that there does not exist &#8211; any other photography in which the two appear).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66190\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66190\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg\" alt=\"Lilly Reich y Mies van der Rohe\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1.jpg 400w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich\u00a0and Mies van der Rohe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Personal life, professional life, uncertainty before the future&#8230; Convulsed Years (that the classic one would say).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/philip-johnson\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Philip Johnson<\/b><\/a> (who was filonazi, and in this moment great age people) in 1933 wrote keenly that Grain had to be the architect of the Third Reich. In this moment <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitler\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Hitler<\/b><\/a> still did not know <b><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/albert-speer\/\" target=\"_blank\">Albert Speer<\/a><\/b> (it was starting seeing any his things). Do you imagine if it had noticed Johnson? Do you imagine if someone him had presented in this moment to Grain? The life and the chance have these things, and Grain was arranged to everything, and insurance that he would have celebrated to be keenly the architect of the regime.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Nazi still did not know what they wanted as for art and architecture, but prompt one saw that they did not like the forefront anything, and the Bauhaus did not last not at least under the servile direction of Grain. To Hitler, who was artist fond without talent, without culture and without imagination, and that had wanted to be an architect but did not have any aptitude, it was throwing clasicote-barilla, and Speer&#8217;s skilful elegance with the Neoclassicism had just defined him architectonically. (Pero Mies was a great admirer of <a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/en\/tag\/karl-friedrich-schinkel\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Schinkel<\/b><\/a>, and it would have been perfectly capable of betraying the modern line and of exercising the Neoclassicism without turning pale).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies\u00a0did not leave running to America, as Gropius, because it supported the hopes of a future with the Nazi. His behavior in this regard today meets ridiculous and even sultry, but it is necessary to understand that about these moments the majority of the people was thinking that it was possible to live and to grow with the Nazi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies did many and varied efforts for gaining with the artistic politics of the Reich, in spite of fitting in her. But the Nazi were contradictory and brutal: On one hand they were interested in the functionality, the efficiency and the monumentalidad with modern dyes, but for other one they wanted a nationalistic symbolic and emphatic renaissance. The efforts of\u00a0Mies show it to us now as a fool or, even worse, as a coward.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In that epoch his life seemed not to run risk, but it did not have orders either, nor was giving neither lessons, or anything.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To a little time, they called him of America and, now yes, it fought to the opportunity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">After a correspondence that lasted almost all the year round 1936, in which one was offering him a chair finally to lose it for the hair, in 1937 the marriage Resister entrusted him a summer house in Wyoming and, especially, he invited him to just USA when Germany was smelling already to gunpowder of an unbearable way.\u00a0Mies did the suitcases full speed and left running.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Already it had left his wife and his daughters was doing time, but these were already major and they might take charge of his mother. As for Lilly Reich, why did it leave without her? It left her in Germany, in the middle of the danger, alone, in love with he.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In America it saw another world. There was peace and tranquility. The people were respecting him, they wanted to do orders to him and it had a couple of universities to choose chair.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In April, 1938 it returned to Germany to arrange rapidly some things and to turn to the paradise, and met that the Nazi already had caught on: They were Judging the whole forefront as degenerate art and were relating her to the Judaism and the communism. Yes, they reminded him, and also they were relating him with the Jews and the communists of the extinct Bauhaus.\u00a0Mies realized that it had got into the trap and that she was played, and that maybe could not return already to America.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In August, before returning, it had to happen for the policeman&#8217;s police station to gather his passport (that had delivered before) with his visa of emigration. He was afraid that were waiting for him to stop him that it sent a friend. This one gathered the passport, but when it came to the Mies\u00b4 house to give it to him one found it scared to death, before two officials of the Gestapo who were interrogating him and being going to take it to him precisely for being without passport.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lucky, it was possible to clarify the thing, and the officials of the Gestapo gave for the visa good and left him.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naturally, with the passport visa in the pocket,\u00a0Mies went away again to America running, leaving everything behind, without knowing anybody. There be saved the one that could. His wives were remaining in the hell.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66191\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66191\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg\" alt=\"Historia Universal de la Infamia [III] Lilly Reich o2\" width=\"640\" height=\"841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-o2-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Lilly Reich <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich, with big works, was busy with going to the study left of\u00a0Mies and with rescuing the drawings and the papers, and with classifying them and with arranging them meticulously. (Thanks to her today the file of\u00a0Mies exists). Also it fought to defend the rights of his furniture (that were pirated very much), and of managing to receive something of money that was taking the Mies\u00b4wife. Everything fought to defend it from Mies, while this one, in America, he forgot her. A call from there might have saved it, might have taken her also to her to the salvation, but\u00a0Mies did not want to be tied to anybody. It did not want that he could not stand anybody.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On the following year, in the nochevieja of 1939, it knew Lora Marx, with whom he fell in love. It never lived with her. Grain was not supporting already to live with anybody. It was living alone, in a room of hotel, with his pictures under the bed. It liked to find with Female parrot, but that then went away to his house.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mies\u00a0lived as a king whereas his wife and Lilly were spending hunger and fear, in the horrible Berlin of the world war. It did not do anything for them helping. (It could send neither money nor food such as the thing was).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lilly Reich spent the war working since it could. The Nazi were interested in the prefabricaci\u00f3n and in the standardization, which <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/tag\/ernst-neufert\/\" target=\"_blank\">Neufert<\/a><\/strong> de la Bauhaus was connecting with the spirit and with the Werkbund, and she could work precariously and anonymous in routine works of metric modulation, trying to be useful and to fulfill his duty. It took care always of the Mies\u00b4legacy and fought against great force and valor. Soon after ended the war, with destroyed Berlin and the sunked morality, died of cancer in 1947, inspired love still and always with Mies van der Rohe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Mies\u00b4wife, Ada, with all his efforts and penuries, was capable of concealing a few Jews in his small apartment during a season.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">They all were heroines.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66193\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66193 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(Si durante todo mi relato hab\u00e9is pensado que era tendencioso y sesgado, y, pese a todo, hab\u00e9is intentado ser comprensivos con Mies, mirad su actitud y la de Lora Marx, y, sobre todo, mirad el fondo de la foto con mucha atenci\u00f3n. Infamia).\" width=\"640\" height=\"736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-891x1024.jpg 891w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Historia-Universal-de-la-Infamia-III-Lilly-Reich-oo3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">(If during all my statement you have thought that it was tendentious and slanted, and, despite everything, you have tried to be comprehensive with Mies, look at his attitude and that of Lora Marx, and, especially, look at the bottom of the photo with many attention. Turpitude).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nPhD\u00a0Architect and author of<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7\u00a0may 2012<\/p>\n<p>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/historia-universal-de-la-infamia-ii-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/ Finalizo la trilog\u00eda (I, II) que promet\u00ed, no porque no haya muchas m\u00e1s infamias, sino porque creo que vale con una de cada uno de los tres grandes. Y remato la serie con alivio, porque no est\u00e1 bien contar tantos trapos sucios. A Mies van der Rohe\u00a0se le ha acusado a menudo de haber [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":66189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[4932,4930,9522,9266,199,432,11084,513,4931,668,3653,3620,3732,865,3452,3109,3615],"class_list":["post-22463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-adolf-hitler","tag-albert-speer","tag-arquitecta-pionera","tag-arquitectura-neoclasica","tag-bauhaus","tag-diseno-interiores","tag-ernst-neufert","tag-espacio-interior","tag-hannes-meyer","tag-historia","tag-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","tag-karl-friedrich-schinkel","tag-lilly-reich","tag-mies-van-der-rohe","tag-personaje","tag-philip-johnson","tag-walter-gropius"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>[:es]Historia Universal de la Infamia [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:gl]Historia Universal da Infamia [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:en]Universal history of the Turpitude [III] | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:] - 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