{"id":21843,"date":"2015-05-11T06:00:46","date_gmt":"2015-05-11T06:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=21843"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:12:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T08:12:27","slug":"el-arquitecto-municipal-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/el-arquitecto-municipal-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:gl]O arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:en]The municipal architect | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa [:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si hay un arquitecto ligado a una ciudad, y, a\u00fan m\u00e1s, si hay un arquitecto ligado al desarrollo urban\u00edstico de una ciudad, ese es <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willem_Marinus_Dudok\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Willem Marinus Dudok<\/a> a <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hilversum\">Hilversum<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok naci\u00f3 en \u00c1msterdam en 1884, y a los diecis\u00e9is a\u00f1os inici\u00f3 su carrera militar. Fue destinado a las colonias de Indonesia, y a su vuelta sirvi\u00f3 en la unidad de telegraf\u00eda de Utrecht. Con veintitr\u00e9s a\u00f1os fue teniente, con veintisiete se cas\u00f3 y tuvo una hija.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este hombre, que al parecer val\u00eda para todo, decidi\u00f3 buscarse un oficio en el mundo civil y fue nombrado Director Suplente de Obras P\u00fablicas en Leiden. \u00bfD\u00f3nde hab\u00eda aprendido sobre obras? No lo s\u00e9, pero creo que igual podr\u00eda haber sido Director Suplente de la Filarm\u00f3nica de \u00c1msterdam (su padre era violinista, y su madre pianista) o delantero centro del Ajax. Hay gente que lo mismo sirve para un roto que para un descosido.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al a\u00f1o siguiente le lleg\u00f3 el nombramiento de capit\u00e1n en la reserva y naci\u00f3 su segundo hijo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En 1915, con treinta y un a\u00f1os, consigui\u00f3 el cargo de Director de Obras P\u00fablicas en Hilversum, municipio al que qued\u00f3 vinculado de por vida (y fue larga: muri\u00f3 meses antes de cumplir noventa a\u00f1os).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44051\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44051\" title=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\" alt=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Ayuntamiento de Hilversum. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adem\u00e1s de hacer el Ayuntamiento de Hilversum (obra maestra de la arquitectura de todos los tiempos), Dudok particip\u00f3 en los planes de ordenaci\u00f3n de la ciudad, proyect\u00f3 sus colegios, sus barrios residenciales, centros comerciales, etc., con una calidad arquitect\u00f3nica apabullante.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">He viajado muy poco, pero tengo la suerte de haber estado en Hilversum. Es una ciudad estupenda, coherente, limpia, clara, hermos\u00edsima. Desde sus exactos trazados urbanos hasta el m\u00e1s humilde porche para bicicletas de su m\u00e1s modesta escuela infantil, rezuma encanto, belleza, simpat\u00eda y talento por todas partes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44052\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44052\" title=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\" alt=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" width=\"750\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Izquierda<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #888888;\">1. Stip Hilversum<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #888888;\">2. Escuela del Dr Bavinck, Hilversum, 1921<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Derecha<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #888888;\">1. Escuela Vondel, Hilversum, 1929<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #888888;\">2. Escuela en Hilversum School, 1920-38<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok hizo una obra magn\u00edfica, que supo concertar las dos corrientes antit\u00e9ticas de Holanda: Por una parte, su obra se hace eco de la plasticidad (la neoplasticidad) de <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Stijl\"><em>De Stijl<\/em><\/a>, con sus \u00e1ngulos rectos, sus planos que \u00abse pasan de largo\u00bb en los encuentros, volando y dispar\u00e1ndose, abriendo la caja constructiva; y, por otra, toma el expresionismo de la <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escuela_de_%C3%81msterdam\">Escuela de \u00c1msterdam<\/a>, con sus vol\u00famenes de ladrillo, sus formas rotundas y su \u00abtremendismo\u00bb. Tanto es as\u00ed que, sin ser miembro de ninguno de los dos grupos, a menudo se le encuadra tanto en uno como en otro. Y eso que no ten\u00edan nada que ver.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00bfNada que ver? Bueno: Los dos movimientos adoraban a <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Lloyd_Wright\">Frank Lloyd Wright<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage\">Berlage<\/a>, el padre o padrastro de todos los arquitectos holandeses del siglo XX, era un admirador incondicional de Wright. Construy\u00f3 el estupendo edificio de la Bolsa, en \u00c1msterdam, loando el edificio Larkin del maestro americano.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los \u00abhijos\u00bb de Berlage, como todos los hijos, aun admirando al padre le negaron, le llamaron viejo chocho y gag\u00e1. Para <em>De Stijl<\/em>, su obra estaba lastrada por el ornamento, por la pesadez, y no era lo suficientemente limpia ni racional. Para los de la Escuela de \u00c1msterdam era todo lo contrario: demasiado poco expresivo, poco \u00abairoso\u00bb, poco ornamentado.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero ambas corrientes coincidieron en fijarse en el modelo, en Wright. El americano es en s\u00ed mismo una enciclopedia de la arquitectura, y una farmacia para todas las enfermedades. De sus bien provistos estantes todos tomaron la medicina que necesitaban, incluso para tomar caminos opuestos.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44050\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44050\" title=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\" alt=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" width=\"750\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Dos dise\u00f1os juveniles de Dudok, expresionistas y \u00abberlagianos\u00bb, previos a su depuraci\u00f3n post-wrigtiana filtrada por De Stijl.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero el bueno de Dudok, arquitecto de segunda fila, de perfil bajo, de aspiraciones modestas, sin las pretensiones trascendentes de unos y de otros, se limit\u00f3 a tomar lo que necesitaba (y lo que necesit\u00e1bamos todos). Con sensatez y sentido com\u00fan, y con una delicadeza exquisita (virtudes nada adecuadas para ser un artista de vanguardia, pero imprescindibles para ser una persona buena, \u00fatil, sociable y valiosa) aprendi\u00f3 de Wright la expresividad basada en la geometr\u00eda, y la apertura pl\u00e1stica y espacial, y, sobre todo, supo filtrar esas ense\u00f1anzas wrightianas a trav\u00e9s de las obras dispares de sus compatriotas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fue, por lo tanto, un ecl\u00e9ctico. No un creador, no uno de los grandes, de los que dan nombre a los estilos y encabezan las corrientes. Fue un <em>artesano<\/em>, que se suele decir con desprecio.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Aun hoy, si hoje\u00e1is cualquier libro de historia de la arquitectura moderna, le encontrar\u00e9is de pasada, en letra peque\u00f1a, en apariciones tangenciales, secundarias. Pero le encontrar\u00e9is).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44054\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44054\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44054\" title=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\" alt=\"El arquitecto municipal | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa\" width=\"750\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44054\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Ayuntamiento de Hilversum. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y ojal\u00e1 hubiera muchas ciudades como Hilversum, que se pudieran dar el lujazo de tener un arquitecto municipal de esa categor\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giulio_Carlo_Argan\">Argan<\/a> dice que Dudok consigue ser municipal sin ser provinciano. Estoy completamente de acuerdo. Y a\u00f1adir\u00e9 que desde lo local se hace universal. (En realidad solo alcanza la categor\u00eda de universal lo que es estrictamente local, como Don Quijote, Sean Thornton o Iker Casillas).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ojal\u00e1 hubiera alg\u00fan pol\u00edtico as\u00ed, que fuera capaz de aunar tendencias divergentes y de dar soluciones pr\u00e1cticas y felices.<\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nDoctor Arquitecto y autor <em>de Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7 mayo 2012[:en]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If there is an architect tied to a city, and, furthermore, if there is an architect tied to the urban development development of a city, this it is\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willem_Marinus_Dudok\">Willem Marinus Dudok<\/a> to <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hilversum\">Hilversum<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok was born in \u00c1msterdam in 1884, and at the age of sixteen it initiated his military career. It was destined for the colonies of Indonesia, and to his return it served in the unit of telegraphy of Utrecht. With twenty-three years he was a lieutenant, with twenty-seven it married and had a daughter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This man, who apparently was costing for everything, decided to look for a trade in the civil world and was nominated The Substitute Director of Public Works in Leiden.\u00a0Where had he learned on works? I do not know it, but I believe that equal he might have been The Substitute Director of the \u00c1msterdam&#8217;s Philharmonic one (his father was a violinist, and his mother pianist) or forward centre of the Ajax. There are people that the same thing serves for the torn one that for a gossip.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On the following year the captain&#8217;s appointment came to him in the reservation and his second son was born.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1915, with thirty an a\u00f1os, obtained the Director&#8217;s post of Public Works in Hilversum, municipality to which he remained linked of for life (and it was long: he died months before expiring ninety years).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44051\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44051\" title=\"Dudok1\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Hilversum&#8217;s town hall. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beside doing Hilversum&#8217;s Town hall (masterpiece of the architecture of all the times), Dudok took part in the planning schemes of the city, projected his colleges, his residential neighborhoods, malls, etc., with an architectural resounding quality.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I have travelled very little, but I am lucky to have been in Hilversum. It is the marvellous, coherent, clean, clear, most beautiful city. From his exact urban tracings up to the humblest porch for bicycles of his more modest infantile school, it leaks captivation, beauty, sharm and talent throughout.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44052\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44052\" title=\"dudokconjunto02\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Left side <br \/>1. Stip School in Hilversum <br \/>2. Dr Bavinck School, Hilversum, 1921 <br \/>Right <br \/>1. Vondel School, Hilversum, 1929 <br \/>2. School in Hilversum School, 1920-38<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok did a magnificent work, which could coordinate both antithetic currents of Holland: On one hand, his work echoes the plasticity (the neoplasticidad)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Stijl\"><em>De Stijl<\/em><\/a>, with his right angles, his planes that \u00abpass of length\u00bb in the meetings, flying and going off, opening the constructive box; and, for other one, his round forms and his \u00abtremendismo\u00bb takes the expressionism of <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escuela_de_%C3%81msterdam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00c1msterdam&#8217;s school of thought<\/a>, with his volumes of brick. So much it is so, without being a member of any of both groups, often he is fitted so much in one as in other one. And it that they did not have anything to see.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nothing to see? Good: Both movements were adoring to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Lloyd_Wright\">Frank Lloyd Wright<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berlage<\/a>, the father or stepfather of all the Dutch architects of the 20th century, was an unconditional admirer of Wright. He constructed the marvellous building of the Stock exchange, in \u00c1msterdam, loando the building Larkin of the American teacher.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The \u00abchildren\u00bb of Berlage, as all the children, even admiring the father they denied to him, were called him an old dotard and gag\u00e1. For <em>De Stijl<\/em>, his work was ballasted by the ornament, by the heaviness, and was not it sufficiently cleanly or rational. For those of \u00c1msterdam&#8217;s School it was everything opposite: too much expressive, \u00abslightly \u00abairy\u00bb little, little adorned.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But both currents coincided in being fixed in the model, in Wright. The American is in yes same an encyclopedia of the architecture, and a drugstore for all the diseases. Of his provided well shelves they all took the medicine that they needed, even to take opposite ways.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44050\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44050\" title=\"Dudokconjunto_01\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Two juvenile designs of Dudok, expressionists and \u00abberlagianos\u00bb, before his purification post-wrigtiana leaked for De Stijl.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But the good one of Dudok, architect of the second row, of low profile, of modest aspirations, without the transcendent pretensions of some and of others, limited himself to taking what he needed (and what we all needed). Sensibly and common sense, and with an exquisite sensitivity (virtues adapted at all to be an artist of forefront, but indispensable to be a good, useful, sociable and valuable person) he learned of Wright the expressiveness based on the geometry, and the plastic and spatial opening, and, especially, it could leak these educations wrightianas across the unlike works of his compatriots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was, therefore, the eclectic one. Not a creator, not one of the big ones, of which they give name to the styles and head the currents. He was a craftsman, who is in the habit of saying scornfully.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Even today, if you turn the pages of any book of history of the modern architecture, you will find him of spent, in small letter, in tangential, secondary appearances. But you will find him).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44054\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44054\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44054\" title=\"Dudokconjunto03\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44054\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Hilversum&#8217;s town hall. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">And hopefully there were many cities as Hilversum, which could give him the lujazo of having a municipal architect of this category.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giulio_Carlo_Argan\">Argan<\/a> says that Dudok manages to be a police officer without being a provincial. I agree completely. And I will add that from the local thing it becomes universal. (Actually only the category reaches of universally what is strictly local, as Don Quijote, Sean Thornton or Iker Casillas).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hopefully\u00a0there was some politician like that, who was capable of uniting divergent trends and of giving practical and happy solutions.<\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<\/p>\n<p>Doctor Architect and author of <em>Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Toledo \u00b7 may 2012<\/p>\n<p>[:gl]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si hai un arquitecto ligado a unha cidade, e, a\u00ednda m\u00e1is, si hai un arquitecto ligado ao desenvolvemento urban\u00edstico dunha cidade, ese \u00e9\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willem_Marinus_Dudok\">Willem Marinus Dudok<\/a> a <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hilversum\">Hilversum<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok naceu en \u00c1msterdam en 1884, e aos dezaseis anos iniciou a s\u00faa carreira militar. Foi destinado \u00e1s colonias de Indonesia, e \u00e1 s\u00faa volta serviu na unidade de telegraf\u00eda de Utrecht. Con vinte e tres anos foi tenente, con vinte e sete casouse e tivo unha filla.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este home, que ao parecer val\u00eda para todo, decidiu buscarse un oficio no mundo civil e foi nomeado Director Suplente de Obras P\u00fablicas en Leiden. Onde aprendera sobre obras? Non o sei, pero creo que igual poder\u00eda ser Director Suplente da Filarm\u00f3nica de \u00c1msterdam (o seu pai era violinista, e a s\u00faa nai pianista) ou dianteiro centro do\u00a0Ajax. Hai xente que o mesmo serve para un roto que para un descosido.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ao ano seguinte chegoulle o nomeamento de capit\u00e1n na reserva e naceu o seu segundo fillo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En 1915, con trinta e un anos, conseguiu o cargo de Director de Obras P\u00fablicas en Hilversum, municipio ao que quedou vinculado para sempre (e foi longa: morreu meses antes de cumprir noventa anos).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44051\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44051\" title=\"Dudok1\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudok1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Concello de Hilversum. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ademais de facer o Concello de Hilversum (obra mestra da arquitectura de todos os tempos), Dudok participou nos plans de ordenaci\u00f3n da cidade, proxectou os seus colexios, os seus barrios residenciais, centros comerciais, etc., cunha calidade arquitect\u00f3nica asoballante.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Viaxei moi pouco, pero te\u00f1o a sorte de ter estado en Hilversum. \u00c9 unha cidade estupenda, coherente, limpa, clara, fermosa. Dende os seus exactos trazados urbanos ata o m\u00e1is humilde soportal para bicicletas da s\u00faa m\u00e1is modesta escola infantil, zumega encanto, beleza, simpat\u00eda e talento por todas as partes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44052\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44052\" title=\"dudokconjunto02\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/dudokconjunto02-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Esquerda<br \/>1. Stip Hilversum<br \/>2. Escola do Dr Bavinck, Hilversum, 1921<br \/>Dereita<br \/>1. Escola Vondel, Hilversum, 1929<br \/>2. Escola en Hilversum School, 1920-38<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dudok fixo unha obra magn\u00edfica, que soubo concertar as d\u00faas correntes antit\u00e9ticas de Holanda: Por unha parte, a s\u00faa obra faise eco da plasticidade (a neoplasticidad) de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Stijl\"><em>De Stijl<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0cos seus \u00e1ngulos rectos, os seus planos que \u00abse pasan de longo\u00bb nos encontros, voando e dispar\u00e1ndose, abrindo a caixa construtiva; e, por outra, toma o expresionismo da <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escuela_de_%C3%81msterdam\">Escola de \u00c1msterdam<\/a>, cos seus volumes de ladrillo, as s\u00faas formas rotundas e o seu \u00abtremendismo\u00bb. Tanto \u00e9 as\u00ed que, sen ser membro de ning\u00fan dos dous grupos, a mi\u00fado se lle encadra tanto nun coma noutro. E iso que non ti\u00f1a nada que ver.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00bfNada que ver? Bueno: Os dos movementos adoraban a <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Lloyd_Wright\">Frank Lloyd Wright<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage\">Berlage<\/a>, o pai ou padrasto de todos os arquitectos holandeses do s\u00e9culo XX, era un admirador incondicional de Wright. Constru\u00edu o estupendo edificio da Bolsa, en \u00c1msterdam, gabando o edificio Larkin do mestre americano.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os \u00abfillos\u00bb de Berlage, como todos os fillos, a\u00ednda admirando ao pai lle negaron, cham\u00e1ronlle vello chocho e gag\u00e1. Para <em>De Stijl<\/em>, a s\u00faa obra estaba lastrada polo ornamento, polo malestar, e non era o suficientemente limpa nin racional. Para os da Escola de \u00c1msterdam era todo o contrario: demasiado pouco expresivo, pouco \u00abairoso\u00bb, pouco ornamentado.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero ambas as d\u00faas correntes coincidiron en fixarse no modelo, en Wright. O americano \u00e9 en si mesmo unha enciclopedia da arquitectura, e unha farmacia para todas as enfermidades. Dos seus ben provistos estantes todos tomaron a medicina que necesitaban, mesmo para tomar cami\u00f1os opostos.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44050\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44050\" title=\"Dudokconjunto_01\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto_01-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Dous dese\u00f1os xuven\u00eds de Dudok, expresionistas e \u00abberlagianos\u00bb, previos \u00e1 s\u00faa depuraci\u00f3n post-wrigtiana filtrada por De Stijl.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero o bo de Dudok, arquitecto de segunda fila, de perfil baixo, de aspiraci\u00f3ns modestas, sen as pretensi\u00f3ns transcendentes duns e doutros, limitouse a tomar o que necesitaba (e o que necesitabamos todos). Con sensatez e sentido com\u00fan, e cunha delicadeza exquisita (virtudes nada adecuadas para ser un artista de vangarda, pero imprescindibles para ser unha persoa boa, \u00fatil, sociable e valiosa) aprendeu de Wright a expresividade baseada na xeometr\u00eda, e a apertura pl\u00e1stica e espacial, e, sobre todo, soubo filtrar esas ensinanzas wrightianas a trav\u00e9s das obras dispares dos seus compatriotas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Foi, polo tanto, un ecl\u00e9ctico. Non un creador, non un dos grandes, dos que dan nome aos estilos e encabezan as correntes. Foi un <em>artes\u00e1n<\/em>, que se adoita dicir con desprezo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(A\u00ednda hoxe, se folleades calquera libro de historia da arquitectura moderna, o encontraredes de pasada, en letra pequena, en aparici\u00f3ns tanxenciais, secundarias. Pero encontrar\u00e9deslle).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44054\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44054\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44054\" title=\"Dudokconjunto03\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03.jpg 620w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Dudokconjunto03-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44054\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Concello de Hilversum. 1931. Willem Marinus Dudok<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">E ogall\u00e1 houbese moitas cidades como Hilversum, que se puidesen dar o lujazo de ter un arquitecto municipal desa categor\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giulio_Carlo_Argan\">Argan<\/a> di que Dudok consegue ser municipal sen ser provinciano. Estou completamente de acordo. E engadirei que dende o local se fai universal. (En realidade s\u00f3 alcanza a categor\u00eda de universal o que \u00e9 estritamente local, como Don Quixote, Sean Thornton ou Iker Casillas).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ogall\u00e1 houbese alg\u00fan pol\u00edtico as\u00ed, que fose capaz de xuntar tendencias diverxentes e de dar soluci\u00f3ns pr\u00e1cticas e felices.<\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<\/p>\n<p>Doutor Arquitecto e autor <em>de Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Toledo \u00b7 maio 2012<\/p>\n<p>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Si hay un arquitecto ligado a una ciudad, y, a\u00fan m\u00e1s, si hay un arquitecto ligado al desarrollo urban\u00edstico de una ciudad, ese es Willem Marinus Dudok a Hilversum. Dudok naci\u00f3 en \u00c1msterdam en 1884, y a los diecis\u00e9is a\u00f1os inici\u00f3 su carrera militar. Fue destinado a las colonias de Indonesia, y a su [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":44051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[2913,1769,318,3032,3861,8746,605,11861,10344,3653,815,1103,4444,2048,12468,1335,10345],"class_list":["post-21843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-arquitectura-holandesa","tag-artesania","tag-ciudad","tag-de-stijl","tag-estilo","tag-estilo-internacional","tag-frank-lloyd-wright","tag-giulio-carlo-argan","tag-hendrik-petrus-berlage","tag-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","tag-maestro","tag-profesion","tag-s-xx","tag-teoria-e-historia","tag-urbanismo","tag-vanguardia","tag-willem-marinus-dudok"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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