{"id":14753,"date":"2015-10-30T06:18:51","date_gmt":"2015-10-30T05:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=14753"},"modified":"2020-03-13T11:33:32","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T10:33:32","slug":"de-la-ciudad-nuclear-a-la-eco-ciudad-inigo-garcia-odiaga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/de-la-ciudad-nuclear-a-la-eco-ciudad-inigo-garcia-odiaga\/","title":{"rendered":"De la ciudad nuclear a la Eco-ciudad | \u00cd\u00f1igo Garc\u00eda OdiagaFrom the nuclear city to the Eco-city | \u00cd\u00f1igo Garc\u00eda OdiagaDa cidade nuclear ao Eco-cidade | \u00cd\u00f1igo Garc\u00eda Odiaga"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

Parece que la construcci\u00f3n de una ciudad ex-novo, desde cero es un planteamiento que tiene que ver con la antig\u00fcedad, pero en realidad es un fen\u00f3meno que se esta llevando acabo incluso en la actualidad. Construir una ciudad nueva, donde antes no hab\u00eda nada conlleva un planteamiento tit\u00e1nico y de m\u00e1xima envergadura, por lo que en general es un proceso ligado a impulsos econ\u00f3micos, sociales y pol\u00edticos muy fuertes. Un buen ejemplo de estos impulsos pol\u00edticos es el llevado a cabo por Brasil en 1956 para la construcci\u00f3n de su capital Brasilia en una meseta interior del pa\u00eds. Lucio Costa como urbanista, Oscar Niemeyer al mando de los arquitectos que edificar\u00edan los edificios y Burle Marx como arquitecto del paisaje, tardaron 41 meses en inaugurar una ciudad que les otorgar\u00eda fama mundial.<\/p>\n

Una caso similar pero de motivaci\u00f3n bien distinta es el de la ciudad de Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos. Oak Ridge naci\u00f3 en 1942 cuando Estados Unidos se apresur\u00f3 a construir una bomba at\u00f3mica antes de que lo hiciera la Alemania de Hitler. Dirigidos por el estudio SOM, en la actualidad uno de los mayores del mundo, los ingenieros del ej\u00e9rcito levantaron en dos a\u00f1os una ciudad para 75.000 habitantes. El primer reactor nuclear de la historia fue construido en esta ciudad junto con varios complejos industriales, en el tiempo record de 30 meses. Muchas ciudades se han visto afectados por las guerras, pero Oak Ridge es una de las pocas ciudades que se han creado a causa de una guerra.<\/p>\n

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos en 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Para poder construir ha esta velocidad m\u00e1xime durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando los materiales de construcci\u00f3n eran escasos, la oficina de SOM, Skidmore, Owings y Merrill adapt\u00f3 el sistema de paneles de cemento para los dise\u00f1os de unas 2.500 casas prefabricadas. Estos paneles robustos y ligeros, compuestos de un n\u00facleo de fibra de ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar, tableros aislantes en ambos lados y forrados con asbesto y cemento, facilitaron la construcci\u00f3n de edificios con un lenguaje vanguardista y en sinton\u00eda con el movimiento moderno.<\/p>\n

La ciudad alberg\u00f3 a cientos de ingenieros, t\u00e9cnicos superiores y altos cargos militares, que desarrollaban su trabajo en parcelas estancas, lo que hac\u00eda muy dif\u00edcil tener una visi\u00f3n global del conjunto. De esta manera la gran mayor\u00eda de los residentes eran participantes involuntarios en la cosecha de uranio para la bomba \u00abLittle Boy\u00bb, que devast\u00f3 Hiroshima en 1945, y s\u00f3lo supieron en qu\u00e9 hab\u00edan estado trabajando exactamente cu\u00e1ndo leyeron los titulares que proclamaban el fin de la guerra. La ciudad secreta de Oak Ridge genero a sus habitantes una sensaci\u00f3n similar a la del protagonista de la pel\u00edcula el Show de Truman, en la que el personaje principal vive su vida cotidiana frente a las c\u00e1maras a\u00fan antes de nacer, aunque no es consciente de este hecho. En la era de Google, Facebook y las redes sociales cuesta imaginar c\u00f3mo pudo ser posible la construcci\u00f3n de una ciudad secreta con una poblaci\u00f3n enga\u00f1ada. En la actualidad y al amparo de la ilusi\u00f3n de un mundo mejor, que poco tiene que ver con el mundo nuclear, la ecolog\u00eda es el magma que rodea estos proyectos.<\/p>\n

\"OakRidge03\"<\/a>
Interiores de Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos en 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Masdar, dise\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners, es una ciudad proyectada bajo las premisas de cero emisiones de carbono y cero residuos, en medio del desierto de los Emiratos \u00e1rabes. En la primera fase de una construcci\u00f3n que terminar\u00e1 seg\u00fan se prev\u00e9 en el 2016, pretende alojar 50,000 personas en una ciudad estudiada en secci\u00f3n para funcionar en tres niveles.<\/p>\n

\"masdar+city+foster+01_ordenaci%C3%B3n\"<\/a>
Masdar, dise\u00f1ada por Foster& Partners. Ordenaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Frente a una ausencia absoluta de agua, temperaturas veraniegas que rebasan los 55 grados y una econom\u00eda basada en el petr\u00f3leo, el estudio de Norman Foster ha dise\u00f1ado una ciudad en la que el transporte p\u00fablico, los peatones y los ciclistas dominen el panorama urbano y en la que los ciudadanos no dependan m\u00e1s del autom\u00f3vil.<\/p>\n

Una central de energ\u00eda fotovoltaica se construida en las afueras junto con un sistema de reciclaje de basura, proporcionar\u00e1 la energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica, mientras que un imposible, y sofisticado sistema de reciclaje de aguas grises ayudar\u00e1 a la viabilidad de una ciudad verde rodeada por el desierto.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, dise\u00f1ada por Foster& Partners. Instituto \u00c1rabe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Aunque pueda parecer que es la ecolog\u00eda la que gu\u00eda este impulso verde, Abu Dabi persigue ser la pionera en el desarrollo de tecnolog\u00edas medioambientales y energ\u00edas renovables y de esta manera transformar su econom\u00eda de la riqueza de los hidrocarburos a la riqueza de la tecnolog\u00eda sostenible.<\/p>\n

Para bien o para mal es curioso comprobar c\u00f3mo al igual que Oak Ridge fue creada para mantener la hegemon\u00eda econ\u00f3mica de Estados Unidos mediante la energ\u00eda nuclear, Abu Dabi levanta Masdar para mantener su estatus tras la era del petr\u00f3leo aprovech\u00e1ndose de la preocupaci\u00f3n central actual, la ecolog\u00eda. Un mismo objetivo perseguido desde polos opuestos, esperemos que por lo menos lo ecol\u00f3gico obtenga mejores resultados que lo nuclear.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, dise\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners. Plaza central
<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ed\u00f1igo garc\u00eda odiaga. arquitecto
\nsan sebasti\u00e1n. junio 2011<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo publicado 2011.06.19 _\u00a0 ZAZPIKA<\/em>

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge in USA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

It seems that the construction of a city ex–novo, from zero it is an exposition that it has to see with the antiquity, but actually it is a phenomenon that taking to this him I finish even at present. To construct a new city, where before there was nothing he carries a titanic exposition and of maximum importance, for what in general it is a process tied to economic, social and political very strong impulses. A good example of these political impulses is the carried out one for Brazil in 1956 for the construction of his cardinal Brasilia in an interior plateau of the country. Lucio Costa as town planner, Oscar Niemeyer supervised by the architects who would build the buildings and Deceive Marx as architect of the landscape, they were late 41 months in inaugurating a city that would grant world reputation to them.<\/p>\n

I marry one similar but of different well motivation it is that of Oak Ridge’s city in The United States. Oak Ridge was born in 1942 when The United States hurried to constructing an atomic bomb before Hitler’s Germany was doing it. Directed by the study SOM, at present one of the major ones of the world, the engineers of the army raised in two years a city for 75.000 inhabitants. The first nuclear reactor of the history was constructed in this city together with several industrial complexes, in the record time of 30 months. Many cities have met affected by the wars, but Oak Ridge is one of few cities that have been created because of a war.<\/p>\n

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge in USA on 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

To be able to construct there is this speed especially during the Second World war, when the materials of construction were scanty, the office of SOM, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill adapted the system of panels of cement for the designs of approximately 2.500 modular homes. These robust and light panels consisted of a core of fiber of sugar cane, insulating boards in both sides and lined with asbestos and cement, facilitated the building construction with an ultramodern language and in tuning in with the modern movement.<\/p>\n

The city sheltered hundreds of engineers, technical Superiors and high military charges, which were developing his work in plots you suspend, which it was making very difficult to have a global vision of the set. Hereby the great majority of the residents were involuntary participants in the crop of uranium for the bomb \u00abLittle Boy\u00bb, which devastated Hiroshima in 1945, and only they knew at what they had been employed exactly when there read the holders who were proclaiming the end of the war. Oak Ridge’s secret city I generate to his inhabitants a sensation similar to that of the protagonist of the movie Truman’s Show, in that the principal personage lives through his daily life opposite to the chambers still before being born, though it is not conscious of this fact. In the age of Google, Facebook and the social networks it is difficult to imagine how there could be possible the construction of a secret city with a cheated population. At present and under the protection of the illusion of the best world, which little has to see with the nuclear world, the ecology is the magma that surrounds these projects.<\/p>\n

\"OakRidge03\"<\/a>
Oak Ridge’s interiors in The United States in 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Masdar, designed byFoster&Partners, is a city projected under the premises of zero emission of carbon and zero residues, in the middle of the desert of the Arab Emirates. In the first phase of a construction that will end as it is foreseen in 2016, tries to lodge 50,000 persons in a city studied in section to work in three levels.<\/p>\n

\"masdar+city+foster+01_ordenaci%C3%B3n\"<\/a>
Masdar, designed by Foster&Partners. town and country planning<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Opposite to an absolute absence of water, summer temperatures that exceed 55 degrees and an economy based on the oil, Norman Foster’s study has designed a city in which the public transport, the pedestrians and the cyclists dominate the urban panorama and in which the citizens do not depend any more of the car.<\/p>\n

A head office of photovoltaic power constructed in the suburbs together with a system of recycling of garbage, it will provide the electric power, whereas the impossible one, and sophisticated system of recycling of gray waters will help to the viability of a green city surrounded by the desert.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, designed by Foster&Partners. Arabic Institut
<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Though it could seem that it is the ecology the one that guides this green impulse, Abu Dabi chases to be the pioneer in the development of environmental technologies and renewable energies and hereby to transform his economy of the wealth of the hydrocarbons to the wealth of the sustainable technology.<\/p>\n

For good or for evil it is curious to verify how as Oak Ridge was created to support the economic hegemony of The United States by means of the nuclear power, Abu Dabi raises Masdar to support his status after the age of the oil taking advantage of the central current worry, the ecology. The same aim chased from opposite poles, let’s hope that at least the ecological thing obtains better results that the nuclear thing.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, designed by Foster&Partners. Central square
<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ed\u00f1igo garc\u00eda odiaga. architect
\nsan sebasti\u00e1n. juny 2011<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo publicado 2011.06.19 _ ZAZPIKA<\/em>

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

Parece que a construci\u00f3n dunha cidade ex-novo, desde cero \u00e9 unha formulaci\u00f3n que ten que ver coa antig\u00fcidade, pero en realidade \u00e9 un fen\u00f3meno que se esta levando acabo mesmo na actualidade. Constru\u00edr unha cidade nova, onde antes non hab\u00eda nada leva unha formulaci\u00f3n tit\u00e1nica e de m\u00e1xima envergadura, polo que en xeral \u00e9 un proceso ligado a impulsos econ\u00f3micos, sociais e pol\u00edticos moi fortes. Un bo exemplo destes impulsos pol\u00edticos \u00e9 o levado a cabo por Brasil en 1956 para a construci\u00f3n do seu capital Bras\u00edlia nunha meseta interior do pa\u00eds. Lucio Costa como urbanista, \u00d3scar Niemeyer ao mando dos arquitectos que edificar\u00edan os edificios e Burle Marx como arquitecto da paisaxe, tardaron 41 meses en inaugurar unha cidade que lles outorgar\u00eda fama mundial.<\/p>\n

Un caso similar pero de motivaci\u00f3n ben distinta \u00e9 o da cidade de Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos. Oak Ridge naceu en 1942 cando Estados Unidos apresurouse a constru\u00edr unha bomba at\u00f3mica antes de que o fixese a Alema\u00f1a de Hitler. Dirixidos polo estudo SOM, na actualidade uno dos maiores do mundo, os enxe\u00f1eiros do ex\u00e9rcito levantaron en dous anos unha cidade para 75.000 habitantes. O primeiro reactor nuclear da historia foi constru\u00eddo nesta cidade xunto con varios complexos industriais, no tempo record de 30 meses. Moitas cidades v\u00edronse afectados as guerras, pero Oak Ridge \u00e9 unha das poucas cidades que se crearon por mor dunha guerra.<\/p>\n

\"Oak<\/a>
Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos en 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Para poder constru\u00edr ha esta velocidade m\u00e1xime durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, cando os materiais de construci\u00f3n eran escasos, a oficina de SOM, Skidmore, Owings e Merrill adaptou o sistema de paneles de cemento para os dese\u00f1os dunhas 2.500 casas prefabricadas. Estes paneles robustos e lixeiros, compostos dun n\u00facleo de fibra de cana de azucre, taboleiros aislantes en ambos lados e forrados con asbesto e cemento, facilitaron a construci\u00f3n de edificios cunha linguaxe vanguardista e en sinton\u00eda co movemento moderno.<\/p>\n

A cidade albergou por centos de enxe\u00f1eiros, t\u00e9cnicos superiores e altos cargos militares, que desenvolv\u00edan o seu traballo en parcelas estancas, o que fac\u00eda moi dif\u00edcil ter unha visi\u00f3n global do conxunto. Deste xeito a gran maior\u00eda dos residentes eran participantes involuntarios na colleita de uranio para a bomba \u00abLittle Boy\u00bb, que devast\u00f3 Hiroshima en 1945, e s\u00f3 souberon en que estiveran traballando exactamente cando leron os titulares que proclamaban o fin da guerra. A cidade secreta de Oak Ridge xero aos seus habitantes unha sensaci\u00f3n similar \u00e1 do protagonista da pel\u00edcula o Show de Truman, na que o personaxe principal vive a s\u00faa vida coti\u00e1 fronte \u00e1s c\u00e1maras a\u00ednda antes de nacer, a\u00ednda que non \u00e9 consciente deste feito. En \u00e9raa de Google, Facebook e as redes sociais custa imaxinar como puido ser posible a construci\u00f3n dunha cidade secreta cunha poboaci\u00f3n enganada. Na actualidade e ao amparo da ilusi\u00f3n dun mundo mellor, que pouco ten que ver co mundo nuclear, a ecolog\u00eda \u00e9 o magma que rodea estes proxectos.<\/p>\n

\"OakRidge03\"<\/a>
Interiores de Oak Ridge en Estados Unidos en 1942<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Masdar, dese\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners, \u00e9 unha cidade proxectada baixo as premisas de cero emisi\u00f3ns de carbono e cero residuos, no medio do deserto dos Emiratos \u00e1rabes. Na primeira fase dunha construci\u00f3n que terminar\u00e1 segundo prevese no 2016, pretende aloxar 50,000 persoas nunha cidade estudada en secci\u00f3n para funcionar en tres niveles.<\/p>\n

\"masdar+city+foster+01_ordenaci%C3%B3n\"<\/a>
Masdar, dise\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners. Ordenaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fronte a unha ausencia absoluta de auga, temperaturas estivais que pasan os 55 grados e unha econom\u00eda baseada no petr\u00f3leo, o estudo de Norman Foster dese\u00f1ou unha cidade na que o transporte p\u00fablico, os peatones e os ciclistas dominen o panorama urbano e na que os cidad\u00e1ns non dependan m\u00e1is do autom\u00f3bil.<\/p>\n

Unha central de enerx\u00eda fotovoltaica constru\u00edr nos arredores xunto cun sistema de reciclaje de lixo, proporcionar\u00e1 a enerx\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica, mentres que un imposible, e sofisticado sistema de reciclaje de augas grises axudar\u00e1 \u00e1 viabilidad dunha cidade verde rodeada polo deserto.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, dese\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners. Instituto \u00c1rabe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A\u00ednda que poida parecer que \u00e9 a ecolog\u00eda a que gu\u00eda este impulso verde, Abu Dabi persegue ser a pionera no desenvolvemento de tecnolox\u00edas medioambientales e enerx\u00edas renovables e deste xeito transformar a s\u00faa econom\u00eda da riqueza dos hidrocarburos \u00e1 riqueza da tecnolox\u00eda sostenible.<\/p>\n

Para ben ou para mal \u00e9 curioso comprobar como do mesmo xeito que Oak Ridge foi creada para manter a hegemon\u00eda econ\u00f3mica de Estados Unidos mediante a enerx\u00eda nuclear, Abu Dabi levanta Masdar para manter a s\u00faa estatus tras \u00e9raa do petr\u00f3leo aproveit\u00e1ndose da preocupaci\u00f3n central actual, a ecolog\u00eda. Un mesmo obxectivo perseguido desde polos opostos, esperemos que polo menos o ecol\u00f3xico obte\u00f1a mellores resultados que o nuclear.<\/p>\n

\"Masdar,<\/a>
Masdar, dese\u00f1ada por Foster&Partners. Praza central
<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ed\u00f1igo garc\u00eda odiaga. arquitecto
\nsan sebasti\u00e1n. xu\u00f1o 2011<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculigo publicado 2011.06.19 _ ZAZPIKA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parece que la construcci\u00f3n de una ciudad ex-novo, desde cero es un planteamiento que tiene que ver con la antig\u00fcedad, pero en realidad es un fen\u00f3meno que se esta llevando acabo incluso en la actualidad. Construir una ciudad nueva, donde antes no hab\u00eda nada conlleva un planteamiento tit\u00e1nico y de m\u00e1xima envergadura, por lo que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":55873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[12448,9132,2556,221,318,6917,2397,460,9558,4285,803,2422,3243,977,7603,2780,10901,1286,12468],"class_list":["post-14753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-arquitectura","tag-arquitectura-norteamericana","tag-arquitectura-sostenible","tag-brasilia","tag-ciudad","tag-ciudad-sostenible","tag-diseno-sostenible","tag-eeuu","tag-foster-partners","tag-inigo-garcia-odiaga","tag-lucio-costa","tag-norman-foster","tag-oscar-niemeyer","tag-paisaje","tag-planeamiento-urbano","tag-roberto-burle-marx","tag-skidmore-owings-merrill","tag-territorio","tag-urbanismo"],"yoast_head":"\nDe la ciudad nuclear a la Eco-ciudad | \u00cd\u00f1igo Garc\u00eda Odiaga<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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