{"id":14745,"date":"2011-12-08T06:00:19","date_gmt":"2011-12-08T06:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=14745"},"modified":"2021-07-20T17:23:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T15:23:48","slug":"arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/","title":{"rendered":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El concepto de Naturaleza, entendido como constructo cultural, ha sufrido m\u00faltiples transformaciones a lo largo de la historia. A pesar de ello, tanto sus definiciones como implicaciones han sido f\u00e1cilmente clasificables en grupos homog\u00e9neos. No obstante, se aprecia una mayor dificultad para la definici\u00f3n del concepto de Naturaleza vinculado a la cultura contempor\u00e1nea debido fundamentalmente a la radical transformaci\u00f3n que aquel ha sufrido en el \u00faltimo siglo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si bien en la antig\u00fcedad el hombre se ha sentido como parte de la Naturaleza en convivencia con otros seres vivos, el positivismo y el pensamiento moderno trasforman su visi\u00f3n, defini\u00e9ndose a s\u00ed mismo como la especie elegida para la dominaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza. Los avances cient\u00edficos junto con el desarrollo industrial, que alcanza su m\u00e1ximo esplendor en los siglos XIX y XX, confieren al hombre una capacidad artificializadora de la que hasta ese momento nunca hab\u00eda gozado, explotando dicha capacidad sin ning\u00fan tipo de l\u00edmite prefijado.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17975\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17975\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17975\" title=\"art_mc01_01\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17975\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">SMITHSON, Robert. Los monumentos de Passaic, 1967 | robertsmithson.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17976\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17976\" title=\"art_mc01_02\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Oxford tire pile 4. Westley, California, Estados Unidos. 1999 | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17977\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17977\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17977\" title=\"art_mc01_03\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17977\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Mines 22. Kennecott Cooper Mine. Bingham Valley, Utah. 1983. | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como consecuencia de este proceso artificializador se produce una uni\u00f3n indisoluble entre la propia Naturaleza y el artificio producido por la actividad humana. Esto supone una radical transformaci\u00f3n, al definir un nuevo concepto de Naturaleza en el que \u00e9sta ya no es un elemento independiente del artificio producido por la actividad humana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hasta mediados del s.XX, ambos conceptos de Naturaleza y artificio han mantenido una relaci\u00f3n de independencia con distintos grados de distanciamiento. El Movimiento Moderno representa el grado m\u00e1ximo de dicho alejamiento, instaurando la oposici\u00f3n entre figura-fondo, naturaleza-artificio o paisaje-objeto como fundamento te\u00f3rico com\u00fan. No obstante, en la d\u00e9cada de los 60 se produce una fuerte reacci\u00f3n de tipo cultural com\u00fan a m\u00faltiples disciplinas, en las que el valor de la materialidad de los objetos producidos por el hombre se pone en cuesti\u00f3n, desviando el inter\u00e9s del arte hacia los \u00e1mbitos menos materiales. Surgen as\u00ed nuevos movimientos art\u00edsticos tales como el Arte Procesual, el Arte Povera o el Land Art que descartan al objeto material como fin del proceso art\u00edstico para centrar su inter\u00e9s en procesos y relaciones que el objeto art\u00edstico establece con el observador y su entorno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Es precisamente en esa misma d\u00e9cada en la que la ecolog\u00eda reclama para si misma una funci\u00f3n de mediaci\u00f3n entre la actividad humana y la naturaleza, exigiendo, al igual que estaba sucediendo en otras disciplinas art\u00edsticas, la puesta en valor de los procesos que se establecen entre el objeto producido por la arquitectura y el medio en el que se sit\u00faa, en detrimento de su propia materialidad como fin del proceso proyectual. Este posicionamiento de la ecolog\u00eda implica la aceptaci\u00f3n del concepto contempor\u00e1neo de naturaleza, en el que la propia Naturaleza y el artificio forman un \u00fanico sistema de relaciones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Los procesos proyectuales empleados hasta ese momento, basados en el estatismo del objeto arquitect\u00f3nico frente a un medio en constante cambio, dejan de tener vigencia debido a la necesidad de incorporar al propio objeto la incertidumbre y variabilidad presentes en su entorno, tratando de insertarse en \u00e9l mediante la participaci\u00f3n de los procesos que en \u00e9l se desarrollan.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17978\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17978\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17978\" title=\"art_mc01_04\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17978\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, Francia | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Es por ello que los nuevos mecanismos proyectuales suponen una transformaci\u00f3n radical en el objeto de trabajo al centrar su atenci\u00f3n en los procesos y no en los materiales que constituyen el objeto arquitect\u00f3nico, transformando a \u00e9ste en un <em>\u201cdispositivo que genere fen\u00f3menos\u201d<sup><sup> 1<\/sup><\/sup> <\/em>y al arquitecto en un <em>\u201cgestor que proyecta procesos\u201d<\/em><em><sup><sup> 2<\/sup><\/sup>.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17979\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17979\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17979\" title=\"art_mc01_05\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05-300x174.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17979\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, Francia | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo de los elementos vegetales existentes en el entorno sustituye al proceso de construcci\u00f3n tradicional del objeto arquitect\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17980\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17980\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17980\" title=\"art_mc01_06\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17980\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">LACATON &amp; VASSAL. Viviendas sociales en bloque plurifamiliar. 2005. N\u00ba viviendas: 14. S= 2.262 m\u00b2. Mullhouse, Francia | lacatonvassal.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El proyecto arquitect\u00f3nico define el proceso de calentamiento y la distribuci\u00f3n del aire en el interior de las viviendas, as\u00ed como su reversibilidad en funci\u00f3n de las necesidades estacionales.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17981\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17981\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17981\" title=\"art_mc01_07\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17981\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">RU\u00cdZ GELI, Enric. Pabell\u00f3n plaza tem\u00e1tica de la SED. 2008. Zaragoza. | ruiz-geli.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El proyecto arquitect\u00f3nico define y materializa el proceso de \u201c<em>transpiraci\u00f3n\u201d<\/em> de la edificaci\u00f3n, mediante la condensaci\u00f3n y expulsi\u00f3n del vapor de agua presente en el aire interior.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17982\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17982\" title=\"art_mc01_08\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">FERN\u00c1NDEZ, Alberto; ORTEGA, Susana. Torres atrapanieblas. 2008. Desierto de Atacama, Chile | tectonicasdigitales.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Las torres atrapanieblas generan un proceso de condensaci\u00f3n, conducci\u00f3n y depuraci\u00f3n del agua presente en las nieblas para su utilizaci\u00f3n en la fertilizaci\u00f3n de terrenos en el desierto de Atacama.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El desplazamiento del objeto de trabajo de la arquitectura desde el propio objeto material a procesos inmateriales de intercambio con el medio, requiere la integraci\u00f3n del conocimiento y experiencia de todas aquellas disciplinas especializadas en el estudio de ambos elementos, natural y artificial. Se produce as\u00ed un desplazamiento horizontal del conocimiento de aquellas disciplinas especializadas en el estudio y preservaci\u00f3n del medio, tales como ecolog\u00eda, biolog\u00eda, gen\u00e9tica o medicina, y aquellas otras especializadas en la creaci\u00f3n de objetos y sistemas artificiales, tales como la arquitectura y el urbanismo, redescubriendo de este modo la Naturaleza como una fuente inagotable de conceptos, procesos y sistemas exportables al proyecto arquitect\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n<p>Manuel Costoya Carro, arquitecto<br \/>\nMurcia, diciembre 2011<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Notas:<br \/>\n<sup><sup>1<\/sup><\/sup> ITO, Toyo. \u201cPaisaje arquitect\u00f3nico de una ciudad envuelta en una pel\u00edcula de pl\u00e1stico transparente\u201d. (1992)<br \/>\n<sup><sup>2<\/sup><\/sup> D\u00cdAZ MORENO, Cristina; GARC\u00cdA GRINDA, Efr\u00e9n. \u201cAtm\u00f3sfera. Materia del jardinero digital\u201d. (2004)<\/span><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The concept of Nature, understood like constructo cultural, has suffered multiple transformations along the history. In spite of it, both his definitions and implications have been easily classifiable in homogeneous groups. Nevertheless, it appreciates a major difficulty for the definition of the concept of Nature linked to the contemporary culture owed fundamentally to the radical transformation that that one has suffered in the last century.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Though in the antiquity the man has felt as part of the Nature in conviviality with other alive beings, the positivism and the modern thought trasforman his vision, being defined to yes same as the species chosen for the domination of the Nature. The scientific advances together with the industrial development, which reaches his maximum brilliance in the XIXth and XXth century, award the man a capacity artificializadora that up to this moment he had never enjoyed, exploiting the above mentioned capacity without any type of prearranged limit.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_17975\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17975\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a style=\"color: #888888;\" href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17975\" title=\"art_mc01_01\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17975\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">SMITHSON, Robert. Passaic&#8217;s monuments, 1967 | robertsmithson.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17976\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17976\" title=\"art_mc01_02\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Oxford tire pile 4. Westley, California, United States. 1999 | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17977\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17977\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17977\" title=\"art_mc01_03\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17977\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Mines 22. Kennecott Cooper Mine. Bingham Valley, Utah. 1983. | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since consequence of this process artificializador produces an indissoluble union to itself between the own Nature and the artifice produced by the human activity. This supposes a radical transformation, on having defined a new concept of Nature in which this one already is not an element independent from the artifice produced by the human activity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Until middle of s. The XXth, both concepts of Nature and artifice have supported a relation of independence with different degrees of distancing. The Modern Movement represents the maximum degree of the above mentioned withdrawal, restoring the opposition between figure &#8211; bottom, nature &#8211; artifice or landscape &#8211; object as theoretical common foundation. Nevertheless, in the decade of the 60 there takes place a strong reaction of cultural common type to multiple disciplines, in which the value of the materiality of the objects produced by the man puts in question, turning the interest of the art aside towards the least material areas. There arise such new artistic movements like that as the Art Procesual, the Art Povera or the Land Art that they reject to the material object as end of the artistic process to centre his interest on processes and relations that the artistic object establishes with the observer and his environment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is precisely in the same decade in which the ecology protests for if the same function of mediation between the human activity and the nature, demanding, as it was happening in other artistic disciplines, the putting in value of the processes that are established between the object produced by the architecture and the way in the one that places, to the detriment of his own materiality as end of the process proyectual. This positioning of the ecology implies the acceptance of the contemporary concept of nature, in that the own Nature and the artifice form the only system of relations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The processes proyectuales used up to this moment, based on the statism of the architectural object opposite to a way in constant change, stop having force due to the need to incorporate into the own object the uncertainty and variability present in his environment, trying to be inserted in him by means of the participation of the processes that in him develop.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17978\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17978\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17978\" title=\"art_mc01_04\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17978\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, France | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is for it that the new mechanisms proyectuales suppose a radical transformation in the object of work on having centred his attention on the processes and not on the materials that constitute the architectural object, transforming this one into a <em>\u00abdevice that generates phenomena\u00bb\u00a0<\/em><sup><sup>1<\/sup><\/sup> and to the architect in a <em>\u00bb manager who projects processes \u00ab<span style=\"color: #888888;\"> <sup><sup>2<\/sup><\/sup> <\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17979\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17979\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17979\" title=\"art_mc01_05\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05-300x174.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"358\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17979\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, France | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The process of growth and development of the vegetable existing elements in the environment substitutes the process of traditional construction of the architectural object.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17980\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17980\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a style=\"color: #888888;\" href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17980\" title=\"art_mc01_06\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17980\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">LACATON &#038; VASSAL. Social housings in block. 2005. N\u00ba housings: 14. S= 2.262 m\u00b2. Mullhouse, France | lacatonvassal.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The architectural project defines the process of warming and the distribution of the air inside the housings, as well as his reversibilidad depending on the seasonal needs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17981\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17981\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a style=\"color: #888888;\" href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17981\" title=\"art_mc01_07\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17981\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">RU\u00cdZ GELI, Enric. Pavilion thematic square of the SED. 2008. Zaragoza. | ruiz-geli.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The architectural project defines and materializes the process of<em> \u00abperspiration\u00bb<\/em> of the building, by means of the condensation and expulsion of the steam of present water in the interior air.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17982\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a style=\"color: #888888;\" href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17982\" title=\"art_mc01_08\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08-145x95.jpg 145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">FERN\u00c1NDEZ, Alberto; ORTEGA, Susana. Atrapanieblas Towers. 2008. Atacama Desert, Chile | tectonicasdigitales.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The towers atrapanieblas generate a process of condensation, conduction and purification of the present water in the fogs for his utilization in the fertilization of areas in Atacama&#8217;s desert.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The displacement of the object of work of the architecture from the own material object to immaterial processes of exchange with the way, needs the integration of the knowledge and experience of all those disciplines specialized in the study of both elements, natural and artificial. There takes place this way a horizontal displacement of the knowledge of those disciplines specialized in the study and preservation of the way, such as ecology, biology, genetics or medicine, and those others specialized in the creation of objects and artificial, such systems as the architecture and the urbanism, re-discovering thus the Nature as an inexhaustible source of concepts, processes and exportable systems to the architectural project.<\/p>\n<p>Manuel Costoya Carro, architect<\/p>\n<p>Murcia, december 2011<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Notes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><sup><sup>1<\/sup><\/sup> ITO, Toyo. \u201cArchitectural landscape of a city wrapped in a movie of transparent plastic\u201d. (1992)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\"><sup>2<\/sup> D\u00cdAZ MORENO, Cristina; GARC\u00cdA GRINDA, Efr\u00e9n. \u201cAtmosphere. Matter of the digital gardener\u201d. (2004)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:gl--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O concepto de Natureza, entendido como constructo cultural, sufriu m\u00faltiples transformaci\u00f3ns ao longo da historia. Malia iso, tanto as s\u00faas definici\u00f3ns como implicaciones foron f\u00e1cilmente clasificables en grupos homog\u00e9neos. No entanto, apr\u00e9ciase unha maior dificultade para a definici\u00f3n do concepto de Natureza vinculado \u00e1 cultura contempor\u00e1nea debido fundamentalmente \u00e1 radical transformaci\u00f3n que aquel sufriu no \u00faltimo s\u00e9culo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A\u00ednda que na antig\u00fcidade o home sentiuse como parte da Natureza en convivencia con outros seres vivos, o positivismo e o pensamento moderno transforman a s\u00faa visi\u00f3n, defin\u00edndose a si mesmo como a especie elixida para a dominaci\u00f3n da Natureza. Os avances cient\u00edficos xunto co desenvolvemento industrial, que alcanza o seu m\u00e1ximo esplendor nos s\u00e9culos XIX e XX, confiren ao home unha capacidade artificializadora da que ata ese momento nunca gozara, explotando dita capacidade sen ning\u00fan tipo de l\u00edmite prefixado.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_17975\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17975\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17975\" title=\"art_mc01_01\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17975\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">SMITHSON, Robert. Os monumentos de Passaic, 1967 | robertsmithson.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17976\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17976\" title=\"art_mc01_02\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_02-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Oxford tire pile 4. Westley, California, Estados Unidos. 1999 | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17977\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17977\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17977\" title=\"art_mc01_03\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_03-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17977\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">BURTYNSKY, Edward. Mines 22. Kennecott Cooper Mine. Bingham Valley, Utah. 1983. | edwardburtynsky.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Como consecuencia deste proceso artificializador prod\u00facese unha uni\u00f3n indisoluble entre a propia Natureza e o artificio producido pola actividade humana. Isto sup\u00f3n unha radical transformaci\u00f3n, ao definir un novo concepto de Natureza no que esta xa non \u00e9 un elemento independente do artificio producido pola actividade humana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ata mediados do s.XX, ambos conceptos de Natureza e artificio mantiveron unha relaci\u00f3n de independencia con distintos grados de distanciamiento. O Movemento Moderno representa o grado m\u00e1ximo de devandito alejamiento, instaurando a oposici\u00f3n entre figura-fondo, natureza-artificio ou paisaxe-obxecto como fundamento te\u00f3rico com\u00fan. No entanto, na d\u00e9cada dos 60 prod\u00facese unha forte reacci\u00f3n de tipo cultural com\u00fan a m\u00faltiples disciplinas, nas que o valor da materialidad dos obxectos producidos polo home ponse en cuesti\u00f3n, desviando o interese da arte cara aos \u00e1mbitos menos materiais. Xorden as\u00ed novos movementos art\u00edsticos tales como a Arte Procesual, a Arte Povera ou o Land Art que descartan ao obxecto material como fin do proceso art\u00edstico para centrar o seu interese en procesos e relaci\u00f3ns que o obxecto art\u00edstico establece co observador e a s\u00faa contorna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c9 precisamente nesa mesma d\u00e9cada na que a ecolog\u00eda reclama para si mesma unha funci\u00f3n de mediaci\u00f3n entre a actividade humana e a natureza, esixindo, do mesmo xeito que estaba sucedendo noutras disciplinas art\u00edsticas, a posta en valor dos procesos que se establecen entre o obxecto producido pola arquitectura e o medio no que se sit\u00faa, en detrimento da s\u00faa propia materialidad como fin do proceso proyectual. Este posicionamiento da ecolog\u00eda implica a aceptaci\u00f3n do concepto contempor\u00e1neo de natureza, no que a propia Natureza e o artificio forman un \u00fanico sistema de relaci\u00f3ns.<\/p>\n<p>Os procesos proyectuales empregados ata ese momento, baseados no estatismo do obxecto arquitect\u00f3nico fronte a un medio en constante cambio, deixan de ter vixencia debido \u00e1 necesidade de incorporar ao propio obxecto a incerteza e variabilidade presentes na s\u00faa contorna, tratando de inserirse nel mediante a participaci\u00f3n dos procesos que nel se desenvolven.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17978\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17978\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17978\" title=\"art_mc01_04\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_04.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17978\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, Francia | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c9 por iso que os novos mecanismos proyectuales supo\u00f1en unha transformaci\u00f3n radical no obxecto de traballo ao centrar a s\u00faa atenci\u00f3n nos procesos e non nos materiais que constit\u00faen o obxecto arquitect\u00f3nico, transformando a este nun <em>\u201cdispositivo que xere fen\u00f3menos\u201d<\/em><sup><sup> 1<\/sup><\/sup> e ao arquitecto nun <em>\u201cxestor que proxecta procesos\u201d<\/em><sup><sup> 2<\/sup><\/sup> .<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17979\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17979\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17979\" title=\"art_mc01_05\" src=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_05-300x174.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"358\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17979\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">ROCHE, Fran\u00e7ois. Spidernetwood. 2007. Nimes, Francia | new-territories.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O proceso de crecemento e desenvolvemento dos elementos vegetales existentes na contorna substit\u00fae ao proceso de construci\u00f3n tradicional do obxecto arquitect\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17980\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17980\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17980\" title=\"art_mc01_06\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_06.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17980\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">LACATON &#038; VASSAL. Vivendas sociais en bloque plurifamiliar. 2005. N\u00ba vivendas: 14. S= 2.262 m\u00b2. Mullhouse, Francia | lacatonvassal.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O proxecto arquitect\u00f3nico define o proceso de calentamiento e a distribuci\u00f3n do aire no interior das vivendas, as\u00ed como a s\u00faa reversibilidad en funci\u00f3n das necesidades estacionales.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17981\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17981\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17981\" title=\"art_mc01_07\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_07-145x95.jpg 145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17981\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">RU\u00cdZ GELI, Enric. Pavill\u00f3n praza tem\u00e1tica da SED. 2008. Zaragoza. | ruiz-geli.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O proxecto arquitect\u00f3nico define e materializa o proceso de \u201ctranspiraci\u00f3n\u201d da edificaci\u00f3n, mediante a condensaci\u00f3n e expulsi\u00f3n do vapor de auga presente no aire interior.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17982\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17982\" title=\"art_mc01_08\" src=\"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08.jpg 380w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_08-145x95.jpg 145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">FERN\u00c1NDEZ, Alberto; ORTEGA, Susana. Torres atrapanieblas. 2008. Deserto de Atacama, Chile | tectonicasdigitales.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As torres atrapanieblas xeran un proceso de condensaci\u00f3n, conduci\u00f3n e depuraci\u00f3n do auga presente nas n\u00e9boas para a s\u00faa utilizaci\u00f3n na fertilizaci\u00f3n de terreos no deserto de Atacama.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O desprazamento do obxecto de traballo da arquitectura desde o propio obxecto material a procesos inmateriales de intercambio co medio, require a integraci\u00f3n do co\u00f1ecemento e experiencia de todas aquelas disciplinas especializadas no estudo de ambos elementos, natural e artificial. Prod\u00facese as\u00ed un desprazamento horizontal do co\u00f1ecemento daquelas disciplinas especializadas no estudo e preservaci\u00f3n do medio, tales como ecolog\u00eda, biolog\u00eda, xen\u00e9tica ou medicina, e aqueloutras especializadas na creaci\u00f3n de obxectos e sistemas artificiais, tales como a arquitectura e o urbanismo, redescubriendo deste xeito a Natureza como unha fonte inagotable de conceptos, procesos e sistemas exportables ao proxecto arquitect\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n<p>Manuel Costoya Carro, arquitecto<\/p>\n<p>Murcia, decembro 2011<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #888888;\">Notas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\">[1] ITO, Toyo. \u201cPaisaxe arquitect\u00f3nico dunha ciudad envolta nunha pel\u00edcula de pl\u00e1stico transparente\u201d. (1992)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #888888;\">[2] D\u00cdAZ MORENO, Cristina; GARC\u00cdA GRINDA, Efr\u00e9n. \u201cAtm\u00f3sfera. Materia do xardineiro dixital\u201d. (2004)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El concepto de Naturaleza, entendido como constructo cultural, ha sufrido m\u00faltiples transformaciones a lo largo de la historia. A pesar de ello, tanto sus definiciones como implicaciones han sido f\u00e1cilmente clasificables en grupos homog\u00e9neos. No obstante, se aprecia una mayor dificultad para la definici\u00f3n del concepto de Naturaleza vinculado a la cultura contempor\u00e1nea debido fundamentalmente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":17975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5934,5951],"tags":[6061,2411,6682,2556,1592,6320,2829,6321,2816,10637,6458,3208,3823,920,1021,2256,2066,1113,5630,10636,1278,1286,1721],"class_list":["post-14745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-articulos","category-slider-principal","tag-alberto-fernandez","tag-anne-lacaton","tag-arquitectura-chilena","tag-arquitectura-sostenible","tag-artificio","tag-cristina-diaz-moreno","tag-edward-burtynsky","tag-efren-garcia-grinda","tag-enric-ruiz-geli","tag-francois-roche","tag-jean-philppe-vassal","tag-lacatonvassal","tag-manuel-costoya","tag-naturaleza","tag-pensamiento","tag-proceso","tag-proyectar","tag-proyecto","tag-robert-smithson","tag-susuna-ortega","tag-teoria","tag-territorio","tag-toyo-ito"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/veredesArquitecturayDivulgacion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Manuel Costoya\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@veredes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@veredes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Manuel Costoya\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Manuel Costoya\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/33378f3c4829850c79bfc5f267dd1033\"},\"headline\":\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2982,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/art_mc01_01.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez\",\"Anne Lacaton\",\"arquitectura chilena\",\"arquitectura sostenible\",\"artificio\",\"cristina d\u00edaz moreno\",\"edward burtynsky\",\"Efr\u00e9n Garc\u00eda Grinda\",\"Enric Ruiz-Geli\",\"fran\u00e7ois roche\",\"Jean-Philppe Vassal\",\"lacaton+vassal\",\"Manuel Costoya\",\"naturaleza\",\"pensamiento\",\"proceso\",\"proyectar\",\"proyecto\",\"Robert Smithson\",\"susuna ortega\",\"teor\u00eda\",\"territorio\",\"Toyo Ito\"],\"articleSection\":[\"art\u00edculos\",\"slider principal\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/\",\"name\":\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/art_mc01_01.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/art_mc01_01.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/art_mc01_01.jpg\",\"width\":\"380\",\"height\":\"350\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n\",\"description\":\"veredes\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"veredes\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n\",\"alternateName\":\"veredes\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/veredes-logo-centrado_140x54.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/veredes-logo-centrado_140x54.png\",\"width\":140,\"height\":54,\"caption\":\"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/veredesArquitecturayDivulgacion\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/veredes\",\"https:\\\/\\\/instagram.com\\\/veredes\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/veredes-arquitectura-y-divulgacion\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/es.pinterest.com\\\/veredes\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tumblr.com\\\/veredes\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/33378f3c4829850c79bfc5f267dd1033\",\"name\":\"Manuel Costoya\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Manuel Costoya\"},\"description\":\"Es arquitecto titulado por la ETSA A Coru\u00f1a desde el a\u00f1o 2004, completando su formaci\u00f3n en la Escuela de Arquitectura de La Villette (Par\u00eds) y la Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, en la que ha cursado el Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA).\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.manuelcostoya.com\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/veredes.es\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/manuel-costoya\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya","description":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya","og_description":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio","og_url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/","og_site_name":"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/veredesArquitecturayDivulgacion\/","article_published_time":"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":380,"height":350,"url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Manuel Costoya","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@veredes","twitter_site":"@veredes","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Manuel Costoya","Tiempo de lectura":"15 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/"},"author":{"name":"Manuel Costoya","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/33378f3c4829850c79bfc5f267dd1033"},"headline":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya","datePublished":"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/"},"wordCount":2982,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg","keywords":["Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez","Anne Lacaton","arquitectura chilena","arquitectura sostenible","artificio","cristina d\u00edaz moreno","edward burtynsky","Efr\u00e9n Garc\u00eda Grinda","Enric Ruiz-Geli","fran\u00e7ois roche","Jean-Philppe Vassal","lacaton+vassal","Manuel Costoya","naturaleza","pensamiento","proceso","proyectar","proyecto","Robert Smithson","susuna ortega","teor\u00eda","territorio","Toyo Ito"],"articleSection":["art\u00edculos","slider principal"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/","name":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg","datePublished":"2011-12-08T06:00:19+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-20T15:23:48+00:00","description":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/art_mc01_01.jpg","width":"380","height":"350"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/arquitectura-procesual-naturaleza-y-artificio-manuel-costoya\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Arquitectura procesual: Naturaleza y artificio | Manuel Costoya"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/","name":"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n","description":"veredes","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#organization"},"alternateName":"veredes","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#organization","name":"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n","alternateName":"veredes","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/veredes-logo-centrado_140x54.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/veredes-logo-centrado_140x54.png","width":140,"height":54,"caption":"veredes, arquitectura y divulgaci\u00f3n"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/veredesArquitecturayDivulgacion\/","https:\/\/x.com\/veredes","https:\/\/instagram.com\/veredes\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/veredes-arquitectura-y-divulgacion\/","https:\/\/es.pinterest.com\/veredes\/","https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/veredes"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/33378f3c4829850c79bfc5f267dd1033","name":"Manuel Costoya","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg","url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Manuel-Costoya-96x96.jpg","caption":"Manuel Costoya"},"description":"Es arquitecto titulado por la ETSA A Coru\u00f1a desde el a\u00f1o 2004, completando su formaci\u00f3n en la Escuela de Arquitectura de La Villette (Par\u00eds) y la Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, en la que ha cursado el Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA).","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.manuelcostoya.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/author\/manuel-costoya\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14745\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}