{"id":14304,"date":"2018-01-19T00:01:19","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T23:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/?p=14304"},"modified":"2019-01-23T19:16:52","modified_gmt":"2019-01-23T18:16:52","slug":"la-viena-roja-oscar-tenreiro-degwitz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veredes.es\/blog\/la-viena-roja-oscar-tenreiro-degwitz\/","title":{"rendered":"[:es]La Viena roja | \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz[:gl]A Viena vermella | \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz[:en]The red Vienna | \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"

[:es]<\/p>\n

He insistido mucho en este espacio sobre lo que puede buscarse en el Poder si se ha llegado a \u00e9l luego de un proceso personal en el cual una visi\u00f3n de un mundo m\u00e1s justo, una perspectiva que podr\u00edamos llamar humanitaria asociada a ideales pol\u00edticos y a una \u201cfigura\u201d filos\u00f3fica de la realidad, ha tenido un lugar central. Es ese el caso de una minor\u00eda dentro de esa jungla de oportunismo e improvisaci\u00f3n que caracteriza nuestra opereta pol\u00edtica, pero no dudo en pensar que la constituyen los mejores, los menos dispuestos a transar su afirmaci\u00f3n a cambio de privilegios o ventajas. Aunque disfruten de ellas, porque as\u00ed vienen dadas las cosas en el momento que vivimos. Y son los que \u201csostienen\u201d al R\u00e9gimen puertas afuera.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conjunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Es a esos a los que dedico la reflexi\u00f3n de hoy, estimulado por la visita al Conjunto Karl Marx Hof<\/strong><\/a>, edificado en Viena como vivienda social en tiempos de la Viena Roja, cuando el Partido Socialista asociado a los comunistas tom\u00f3 el Poder democr\u00e1ticamente en 1918 y lo retuvo hasta 1934 siendo sustituido por un gobierno de corte autoritario, de derechas, que dur\u00f3 hasta la \u201canexi\u00f3n\u201d a Alemania (Anschluss) ejecutada por Hitler en 1938.<\/p>\n

Fue construido entre 1927 y 1930, en una de las secciones exclusivas de la ciudad, el Distrito 19, lo que parec\u00eda un gesto pol\u00edtico provocativo de mucho impacto. Fue financiada por un impuesto especial que permiti\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n la ejecuci\u00f3n de conjuntos similares hechos por renombrados arquitectos locales e internacionales.<\/p>\n

Su arquitecto fue el vien\u00e9s Karl Ehn<\/strong><\/a> (1884-1957), disc\u00edpulo de un personaje central de la arquitectura de comienzos de siglo\u00a0XX en Viena, Otto Wagner<\/strong> (1841-1918), responsable adem\u00e1s de propuestas urbanas para el ensanche de la ciudad. Los apartamentos (casi 1400, con un \u00e1rea entre 30 y 60 m2 por unidad) estaban dotados de ba\u00f1os privados, una innovaci\u00f3n entonces para ese nivel de ingresos, y est\u00e1n caracterizados por generosos balcones que eran considerados como un lujo propio de sectores m\u00e1s ricos.<\/p>\n

Una obra excepcional.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El conjunto inclu\u00eda \u00e1reas verdes muy generosas, parques infantiles, una biblioteca,\u00a0 lavander\u00edas, preescolares y escuelas, servicios de salud y oficinas. Se convirti\u00f3 en una suerte de s\u00edmbolo socialista y durante lo que se llam\u00f3 la Guerra Civil de Austria, en Febrero de 1934, fue una plaza fuerte de los paramilitares socialistas que luchaban contra sus hom\u00f3logos\u00a0 conservadores y la infiltraci\u00f3n nazi previa a la \u201cAnschluss\u201d. En los combates duros fue bombardeado por la artiller\u00eda del Ej\u00e9rcito austr\u00edaco que intervino a favor de los conservadores, y sufri\u00f3 destrucci\u00f3n que s\u00f3lo fue reparada en 1951.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conjunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La Karl Marx Hof<\/strong>, es sin duda alguna una obra notable, no s\u00f3lo por lo que represent\u00f3 en su tiempo, siguiendo el camino que en Alemania se\u00f1alaban las famosas \u201csiedlungen\u201d (del alem\u00e1n \u201csiedlung\u201d: urbanizaci\u00f3n o asentamiento) tambi\u00e9n impulsadas por la social democracia de la Rep\u00fablica de Weimar, sino por la dimensi\u00f3n social del esfuerzo y su calidad, que la mantiene hoy activa y en estado muy digno ochenta a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de su inauguraci\u00f3n en 1931. Hasta tecnol\u00f3gicamente es de inter\u00e9s porque el edificio tiene m\u00e1s de un kil\u00f3metro de largo, orientado uno de sus lados hacia \u00e1reas verdes arboladas y el otro hacia una v\u00eda de poco tr\u00e1fico.<\/p>\n

Pero lo que me interesa destacar es su papel de s\u00edmbolo de un ideal pol\u00edtico-social, muestra de la m\u00e1xima de Claudius Petit<\/strong><\/a> que tantas veces he mencionado, que identifica los prop\u00f3sitos pol\u00edticos con la intenci\u00f3n de construir. De la Viena Roja quedan en efecto para la posteridad, entre otras cosas que son historia, testimonios de\u00a0 una voluntad de establecer nuevos modos de convivencia del hombre en la ciudad.\u00a0 Para hacer esas cosas, dentro de las dificultades y confusiones de un momento hist\u00f3rico y dejarlo como legado a una sociedad, vale la pena llegar al Poder.<\/p>\n

Reflexionar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y aqu\u00ed es donde aspiro a situar la reflexi\u00f3n de esas personas que mencion\u00e9 al principio. \u00bfC\u00f3mo puede pensarse que de la confusi\u00f3n en la que se mueven las intenciones de construir vivienda que se expresan hoy aqu\u00ed desde el Poder, va a surgir una tradici\u00f3n renovadora de lo que es la vivienda y su inserci\u00f3n en la ciudad?<\/p>\n

Lo que trasciende hacia afuera, con la presencia televisada del Caudillo como asunto central, nada tiene que ver con la intenci\u00f3n de proponer experiencias an\u00e1logas, todas las distancias guardadas, como las que comentamos hoy. Si en poco m\u00e1s de una d\u00e9cada se construyeron, s\u00f3lo en Viena, 60.000 viviendas; en tiempos de enorme crisis econ\u00f3mica y pol\u00edtica, aqu\u00ed, en pleno siglo veintiuno, con recursos enormes en manos del Estado, la crisis de vivienda en Caracas y su zona de influencia ha justificado las improvisaciones m\u00e1s ins\u00f3litas en estos \u00faltimos meses.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conjunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00bfY cu\u00e1l ser\u00e1 la realidad \u201cinterna\u201d, protegida por las paredes de la exclusi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica? Mucho peor, lo aseguro. Quienes dirigen el programa son d\u00f3ciles ejecutores de impulsos desatinados e injustificables. Se hacen contratos \u201cllave en mano\u201d con bielorusos, iran\u00edes, chinos, brasile\u00f1os y todo extranjero \u201camigable\u201d a costa del conocimiento nacional, con la idea absurda y descaminada de no darle espacio econ\u00f3mico a la \u201cburgues\u00eda explotadora local\u201d. No se conocen, son secreto, las prestaciones de los desarrollos propuestos, la calidad que se propone. Son confidenciales, s\u00f3lo accesibles a los asalariados del Poder y a los contratistas amigos.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo puede entenderse semejante locura sino como extravagancias de un Petro-estado de vocaci\u00f3n autoritaria, definido por el culto a una personalidad que se caracteriza por desvar\u00edos y ausencia de direcci\u00f3n? \u00bfPuede hablarse aqu\u00ed de ideales humanitarios?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Sobre esto aspiro a que se reflexione. No puede uno pensar que los ideales se supediten en todos los casos y en todas las situaciones, al oportunismo.<\/p>\n

\u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz, Arquitecto.
\nVenezuela,\u00a0junio 2011,
\nEntre lo Cierto y lo Verdadero<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 [:gl]<\/p>\n

Insist\u00edn moito neste espazo sobre o que pode buscarse no Poder se se chegou a el logo dun proceso persoal no cal unha visi\u00f3n dun mundo m\u00e1is xusto, unha perspectiva que poderiamos chamar humanitaria asociada a ideais pol\u00edticos e a unha \u201cfigura\u201d filos\u00f3fica da realidade, tivo un lugar central. \u00c9 ese o caso dunha minor\u00eda dentro desa xungla de oportunismo e improvisaci\u00f3n que caracteriza a nosa opereta pol\u00edtica, pero non dubido en pensar que a constit\u00faen os mellores, os menos dispostos a transar a s\u00faa afirmaci\u00f3n a cambio de privilexios ou vantaxes. A\u00ednda que gocen delas, porque as\u00ed ve\u00f1en dadas as cousas no momento que vivimos. E son os que \u201csoste\u00f1en\u201d ao R\u00e9xime portas f\u00f3ra.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conxunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c9 a eses aos que dedico a reflexi\u00f3n de hoxe, estimulado pola visita ao Conxunto Karl Marx Hof<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0edificado en Viena como vivenda social en tempos da Viena Vermella, cando o Partido Socialista asociado aos comunistas tomou o Poder democraticamente en 1918 e ret\u00edvoo ata 1934 sendo substitu\u00eddo por un goberno de corte autoritario, de dereitas, que durou ata a \u201canexi\u00f3n\u201d a Alema\u00f1a (Anschluss) executada por Hitler en 1938.<\/p>\n

Foi constru\u00eddo entre 1927 e 1930, nunha das secci\u00f3ns exclusivas da cidade, o Distrito 19, o que parec\u00eda un xesto pol\u00edtico provocativo de moito impacto. Foi financiada por un imposto especial que permitiu tam\u00e9n a execuci\u00f3n de conxuntos similares feitos por renombrados arquitectos locais e internacionais.<\/p>\n

O seu arquitecto foi o vien\u00e9s Karl Ehn<\/strong><\/a>(1884-1957), disc\u00edpulo dun personaxe central da arquitectura de comezos de s\u00e9culo XX en Viena, Otto Wagner<\/strong> (1841-1918), responsable ademais de propostas urbanas para o ensanche da cidade. Os apartamentos (case 1400, cunha \u00e1rea entre 30 e 60 m2 por unidade) estaban dotados de ba\u00f1os privados, unha innovaci\u00f3n ent\u00f3n para ese nivel de ingresos, e est\u00e1n caracterizados por xenerosos balc\u00f3ns que eran considerados como un luxo propio de sectores m\u00e1is ricos.<\/p>\n

Unha obra excepcional.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O conxunto inclu\u00eda \u00e1reas verdes moi xenerosas, parques infant\u00eds, unha biblioteca, lavander\u00edas, preescolares e escolas, servizos de sa\u00fade e oficinas. Converteuse nunha sorte de s\u00edmbolo socialista e durante o que se chamou a Guerra Civil de Austria, en febreiro de 1934, foi unha praza forte dos paramilitares socialistas que loitaban contra os seus hom\u00f3logos conservadores e a infiltraci\u00f3n nazi previa \u00e1 \u201cAnschluss\u201d. Nos combates duros foi bombardeado pola artiller\u00eda do Ex\u00e9rcito austr\u00edaco que interveu a favor dos conservadores, e sufriu destruci\u00f3n que s\u00f3 foi reparada en 1951.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conxunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A Karl Marx Hof,<\/strong> \u00e9 sen ningunha d\u00fabida unha obra notable, non s\u00f3 polo que representou no seu tempo, seguindo o cami\u00f1o que en Alema\u00f1a sinalaban as famosas \u201csiedlungen\u201d (do alem\u00e1n \u201csiedlung\u201d: urbanizaci\u00f3n ou asentamento) tam\u00e9n impulsadas pola social democracia da Rep\u00fablica de Weimar, sen\u00f3n pola dimensi\u00f3n social do esforzo e a s\u00faa calidade, que a mant\u00e9n hoxe activa e en estado moi digno oitenta anos despois da s\u00faa inauguraci\u00f3n en 1931. Ata tecnoloxicamente \u00e9 de interese porque o edificio ten m\u00e1is dun quil\u00f3metro de longo, orientado un dos seus lados cara a \u00e1reas verdes arborizadas e o outro cara a unha v\u00eda de pouco tr\u00e1fico.<\/p>\n

Pero o que me interesa destacar \u00e9 o seu papel de s\u00edmbolo dun ideal pol\u00edtico-social, mostra da m\u00e1xima de Claudius Petit<\/strong><\/a> que tantas veces mencionei, que identifica os prop\u00f3sitos pol\u00edticos coa intenci\u00f3n de constru\u00edr. Da Viena Vermella quedan en efecto para a posteridade, entre outras cousas que son historia, testemu\u00f1os dunha vontade de establecer novos modos de convivencia do home na cidade. Para facer esas cousas, dentro das dificultades e confusi\u00f3ns dun momento hist\u00f3rico e deixalo como legado a unha sociedade, vale a pena chegar ao Poder.<\/p>\n

Reflexionar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

E aqu\u00ed \u00e9 onde aspiro a situar a reflexi\u00f3n desas persoas que mencionei ao principio. Como pode pensarse que da confusi\u00f3n na que se moven as intenci\u00f3ns de constru\u00edr vivenda que se expresan hoxe aqu\u00ed desde o Poder, vai xurdir unha tradici\u00f3n renovadora do que \u00e9 a vivenda e a s\u00faa inserci\u00f3n na cidade?<\/p>\n

O que transcende cara a f\u00f3ra, coa presenza televisada do Caudillo como asunto central, nada ten que ver coa intenci\u00f3n de propo\u00f1er experiencias an\u00e1logas, todas as distancias gardadas, como as que comentamos hoxe. Se en pouco m\u00e1is dunha d\u00e9cada constru\u00edronse, s\u00f3 en Viena, 60.000 vivendas; en tempos de enorme crise econ\u00f3mica e pol\u00edtica, aqu\u00ed, en pleno s\u00e9culo vinte e un, con recursos enormes en mans do Estado, a crise de vivenda en Caracas e a s\u00faa zona de influencia xustificou as improvisaci\u00f3ns m\u00e1is ins\u00f3litas nestes \u00faltimos meses.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Conxunto Karl Marx Hof, Viena | Fotograf\u00eda: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

E cal ser\u00e1 a realidade \u201cinterna\u201d, protexida polas paredes da exclusi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica? Moito peor, aseg\u00faroo. Quen dirixe o programa son d\u00f3ciles executores de impulsos desatinados e inxustificables. Fanse contratos \u201cchave en man\u201d con bielorusos, iranianas, chineses, brasileiros e todo estranxeiro \u201camigable\u201d \u00e1 conta do co\u00f1ecemento nacional, coa idea absurda e descaminada de non darlle espazo econ\u00f3mico \u00e1 \u201cburgues\u00eda explotadora local\u201d. Non se co\u00f1ecen, son secreto, as prestaci\u00f3ns dos desenvolvementos propostos, a calidade que se prop\u00f3n. Son confidenciais, s\u00f3 accesibles aos asalariados do Poder e aos contratistas amigos.<\/p>\n

\n

Como pode entenderse semellante tolemia sen\u00f3n como extravagancias dun Petro-estado de vocaci\u00f3n autoritaria, definido polo culto a unha personalidade que se caracteriza por desvar\u00edos e ausencia de direcci\u00f3n? Pode falarse aqu\u00ed de ideais humanitarios?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Sobre isto aspiro a que se reflexione. Non pode un pensar que os ideais se supediten en todos os casos e en todas as situaci\u00f3ns, ao oportunismo.<\/p>\n

\u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz, Arquitecto.
\nVenezuela, xu\u00f1o 2011,
\nEntre o Certo\u00a0e\u00a0o Verdadeiro<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 [:en]<\/p>\n

I have insisted very much on this space on what it can be looked in the Power if it has come near to him after a personal process in which a vision of a more just world, a perspective that we might call humanitarian associated ideal politicians and a philosophical \u201cfigure\u201d of the reality, has taken place. It is this case of a minority inside this jungle of opportunism and improvisation that characterizes our political operetta, but I do not hesitate to think that she is constituted by the best, the least ready to trade his affirmation in exchange for privileges or advantages. Though they enjoy them, because this way the things come given in the moment through that we live. And they are those who \u201csupport\u201d to the Regime doors out.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Karl Marx Hof Complex, Vienna | Photography: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It is to this to that I dedicate the today reflection, stimulated by the visit to the Joint Karl Marx Hof<\/a>\u00a0Complex<\/strong>, built in Vienna as social housing in times of the Red Vienna, when the Socialist party associated with the communists took the Power democratically in 1918 and retained it until 1934 being replaced with a government of authoritarian cut, of rights, which lasted up to the \u201cannexation\u201d to Germany (Anschluss) executed by Hitler in 1938.<\/p>\n

There was constructed between 1927 and 1930, in one of the exclusive sections of the city, the District 19, which was looking like a political provocative gesture of very much impact. It was financed by a special tax that allowed also the execution of similar sets done by renowned local and international architects.<\/p>\n

His architect was the Viennese Karl Ehn<\/strong><\/a>(1884-1957), disciple of a central personage of the architecture of beginning of 20th century in Vienna, Otto Wagner<\/strong> (1841-1918), person in charge besides urban offers for the widening of the city. The apartments (almost 1400, with an area between 30 and 60 m2 by unit) were provided with private baths, an innovation at the time for this level of income, and they are characterized by generous balconies that were considered to be an own luxury of richer sectors.<\/p>\n

An exceptional work.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The set was including green very generous areas, playparks, a library, laundries, pre-school and schools, services of health and offices. It turned into a luck of socialist symbol and during what was called the Civil war of Austria, in February, 1934, was a strong square of the paramilitary Socialists who were fighting against his conservative counterparts and the infiltration Nazi before the \u00abAnschluss\u00bb. In the hard combats it was bombarded by the artillery of the Austrian Army who intervened in favour of the conservatives, and suffered destruction that only was repaired in 1951.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Karl Marx Hof Complex, Vienna | Photography: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Karl Marx Hof,<\/strong> is undoubtedly some notable work, not only for what it represented in his time, following the way that in Germany were indicating the famous \u201csiedlungen\u201d (of the German \u201csiedlung\u201d: urbanization or accession) also stimulated by the social democracy of the Republic of Weimar, but for the social dimension of the effort and his quality, which keeps her today active and in very worthy condition eighty years after his inauguration in 1931. Up to technologically it is of interest because the building has more than one kilometre of length, orientated one of his sides towards green wooded areas and other one towards a route of little traffic.<\/p>\n

But what I am interested in emphasizing is his paper of symbol of the ideal political – social one, sample of Claudius Petit<\/strong><\/a>‘s maxim that so often I have mentioned, that identifies the political intentions with the intention of constructing. Of the Red Vienna there stay in effect for the posterity, among other things that are a history, testimonies of a will to establish new manners of conviviality of the man in the city. To do these things, inside the difficulties and confusions of a historical moment and to make it like bequeathed to a company, it is worth a sorrow coming to the Power.<\/p>\n

Thinking.<\/strong><\/p>\n

And here it is where I aspire to place the reflection of these persons that I mentioned initially. How there can be thought that of the confusion in which there move the intentions of constructing housing that they express today here from the Power, a reinnovating tradition is going to arise from what is the housing and his insertion in the city?<\/p>\n

What comes out towards out, with the presence televised of the Commander as central matter, nothing has to see with the intention of proposing analogous experiences, all the guarded distances, as which we comment today. If in little more than one decade 60.000 housings were constructed, only in Vienna; in times of enormous crisis eon\u00f3mica and political, here, in the full century twenty-one, with enormous resources in hands of the State, the crisis of housing in Caracas and his zone of influence has justified the most unusual improvisations in the latter months.<\/p>\n

\"Conjunto
Karl Marx Hof Complex, Vienna | Photography: \u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

And which will be the \u201cinternal\u201d reality protected by the walls of the political exclusion? Much worse, I assure it. Those who direct the program are docile executors of unwise and unjustifiable impulses. Contracts are done \u201ckey in hand\u201d with bielorusos, Iranian, Chinese, Brazilian and every \u201camicable\u201d foreigner at the cost of the national knowledge, by the idea absurd and misled of not giving him economic space to the \u201cexploitative local middle class\u201d. They are not known, are secret, the presentations of the proposed developments, the quality that one proposes. They are confidential, only accessible to the employees of the Power and to the contractors friends.<\/p>\n

\n

How similar madness can be understood but as extravagancies of a Petro-condition of authoritarian vocation, defined by the worship to a personality that is characterized by deliriums and absence of direction? Can one speak here of ideal humanitarian?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

On this I aspire that is thought over. One cannot think that the ideal ones are subordinated in all the cases and in all the situations, to the opportunism.<\/p>\n

\u00d3scar Tenreiro Degwitz, Architect.
\nVenezuela,\u00a0juny 2011,
\nEntre lo Cierto y lo Verdadero<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 [:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[:es] He insistido mucho en este espacio sobre lo que puede buscarse en el Poder si se ha llegado a \u00e9l luego de un proceso personal en el cual una visi\u00f3n de un mundo m\u00e1s justo, una perspectiva que podr\u00edamos llamar humanitaria asociada a ideales pol\u00edticos y a una \u201cfigura\u201d filos\u00f3fica de la realidad, ha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":66908,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[568,5951],"tags":[12448,2377,13212,13339,169,13353,1787,668,11078,13352,13965,11762,10511,1021,2070,1820,1933,4982,1865,1278,2048,12454,1363],"class_list":["post-14304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-faro","category-slider-principal","tag-arquitectura","tag-arquitectura-social","tag-arquitectura-socialista","tag-arquitectura-vienesa","tag-austria","tag-eugene-claudius-petit","tag-europa","tag-historia","tag-joze-plecnik","tag-karl-ehn","tag-maximilian-fabiani","tag-oscar-tenreiro-degwitz","tag-otto-koloman-wagner","tag-pensamiento","tag-poder","tag-politica","tag-politica-social","tag-politicas-urbanas","tag-reflexion","tag-teoria","tag-teoria-e-historia","tag-vivienda-colectiva","tag-vivienda-social"],"yoast_head":"\n[:es]La Viena roja 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